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Analytical Technique Optimization on the Detection of β-cyclocitral in Microcystis Species

β-Cyclocitral, specifically produced by Microcystis, is one of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) derived from cyanobacteria and has a lytic activity. It is postulated that β-cyclocitral is a key compound for regulating the occurrence of cyanobacteria and related microorganisms in an aquatic envi...

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Autores principales: Yamashita, Ryuji, Bober, Beata, Kanei, Keisuke, Arii, Suzue, Tsuji, Kiyomi, Harada, Ken-ichi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7070943/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32075007
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25040832
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author Yamashita, Ryuji
Bober, Beata
Kanei, Keisuke
Arii, Suzue
Tsuji, Kiyomi
Harada, Ken-ichi
author_facet Yamashita, Ryuji
Bober, Beata
Kanei, Keisuke
Arii, Suzue
Tsuji, Kiyomi
Harada, Ken-ichi
author_sort Yamashita, Ryuji
collection PubMed
description β-Cyclocitral, specifically produced by Microcystis, is one of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) derived from cyanobacteria and has a lytic activity. It is postulated that β-cyclocitral is a key compound for regulating the occurrence of cyanobacteria and related microorganisms in an aquatic environment. β-Cyclocitral is sensitively detected when a high density of the cells is achieved from late summer to autumn. Moreover, it is expected to be involved in changes in the species composition of cyanobacteria in a lake. Although several analysis methods for β-cyclocitral have already been reported, β-cyclocitral could be detected using only solid phase micro-extraction (SPME), whereas it could not be found at all using the solvent extraction method in a previous study. In this study, we investigated why β-cyclocitral was detected using only SPME GC/MS. Particularly, three operations in SPME, i.e., extraction temperature, sample stirring rate, and the effect of salt, were examined for the production of β-cyclocitral. Among these, heating (60 °C) was critical for the β-cyclocitral formation. Furthermore, acidification with a 1-h storage was more effective than heating when comparing the obtained amounts. The present results indicated that β-cyclocitral did not exist as the intact form in cells, because it was formed by heating or acidification of the resulting intermediates during the analysis by SPME. The obtained results would be helpful to understand the formation and role of β-cyclocitral in an aquatic environment.
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spelling pubmed-70709432020-03-19 Analytical Technique Optimization on the Detection of β-cyclocitral in Microcystis Species Yamashita, Ryuji Bober, Beata Kanei, Keisuke Arii, Suzue Tsuji, Kiyomi Harada, Ken-ichi Molecules Article β-Cyclocitral, specifically produced by Microcystis, is one of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) derived from cyanobacteria and has a lytic activity. It is postulated that β-cyclocitral is a key compound for regulating the occurrence of cyanobacteria and related microorganisms in an aquatic environment. β-Cyclocitral is sensitively detected when a high density of the cells is achieved from late summer to autumn. Moreover, it is expected to be involved in changes in the species composition of cyanobacteria in a lake. Although several analysis methods for β-cyclocitral have already been reported, β-cyclocitral could be detected using only solid phase micro-extraction (SPME), whereas it could not be found at all using the solvent extraction method in a previous study. In this study, we investigated why β-cyclocitral was detected using only SPME GC/MS. Particularly, three operations in SPME, i.e., extraction temperature, sample stirring rate, and the effect of salt, were examined for the production of β-cyclocitral. Among these, heating (60 °C) was critical for the β-cyclocitral formation. Furthermore, acidification with a 1-h storage was more effective than heating when comparing the obtained amounts. The present results indicated that β-cyclocitral did not exist as the intact form in cells, because it was formed by heating or acidification of the resulting intermediates during the analysis by SPME. The obtained results would be helpful to understand the formation and role of β-cyclocitral in an aquatic environment. MDPI 2020-02-14 /pmc/articles/PMC7070943/ /pubmed/32075007 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25040832 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Yamashita, Ryuji
Bober, Beata
Kanei, Keisuke
Arii, Suzue
Tsuji, Kiyomi
Harada, Ken-ichi
Analytical Technique Optimization on the Detection of β-cyclocitral in Microcystis Species
title Analytical Technique Optimization on the Detection of β-cyclocitral in Microcystis Species
title_full Analytical Technique Optimization on the Detection of β-cyclocitral in Microcystis Species
title_fullStr Analytical Technique Optimization on the Detection of β-cyclocitral in Microcystis Species
title_full_unstemmed Analytical Technique Optimization on the Detection of β-cyclocitral in Microcystis Species
title_short Analytical Technique Optimization on the Detection of β-cyclocitral in Microcystis Species
title_sort analytical technique optimization on the detection of β-cyclocitral in microcystis species
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7070943/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32075007
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25040832
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