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Analytical Technique Optimization on the Detection of β-cyclocitral in Microcystis Species
β-Cyclocitral, specifically produced by Microcystis, is one of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) derived from cyanobacteria and has a lytic activity. It is postulated that β-cyclocitral is a key compound for regulating the occurrence of cyanobacteria and related microorganisms in an aquatic envi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7070943/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32075007 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25040832 |
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author | Yamashita, Ryuji Bober, Beata Kanei, Keisuke Arii, Suzue Tsuji, Kiyomi Harada, Ken-ichi |
author_facet | Yamashita, Ryuji Bober, Beata Kanei, Keisuke Arii, Suzue Tsuji, Kiyomi Harada, Ken-ichi |
author_sort | Yamashita, Ryuji |
collection | PubMed |
description | β-Cyclocitral, specifically produced by Microcystis, is one of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) derived from cyanobacteria and has a lytic activity. It is postulated that β-cyclocitral is a key compound for regulating the occurrence of cyanobacteria and related microorganisms in an aquatic environment. β-Cyclocitral is sensitively detected when a high density of the cells is achieved from late summer to autumn. Moreover, it is expected to be involved in changes in the species composition of cyanobacteria in a lake. Although several analysis methods for β-cyclocitral have already been reported, β-cyclocitral could be detected using only solid phase micro-extraction (SPME), whereas it could not be found at all using the solvent extraction method in a previous study. In this study, we investigated why β-cyclocitral was detected using only SPME GC/MS. Particularly, three operations in SPME, i.e., extraction temperature, sample stirring rate, and the effect of salt, were examined for the production of β-cyclocitral. Among these, heating (60 °C) was critical for the β-cyclocitral formation. Furthermore, acidification with a 1-h storage was more effective than heating when comparing the obtained amounts. The present results indicated that β-cyclocitral did not exist as the intact form in cells, because it was formed by heating or acidification of the resulting intermediates during the analysis by SPME. The obtained results would be helpful to understand the formation and role of β-cyclocitral in an aquatic environment. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7070943 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70709432020-03-19 Analytical Technique Optimization on the Detection of β-cyclocitral in Microcystis Species Yamashita, Ryuji Bober, Beata Kanei, Keisuke Arii, Suzue Tsuji, Kiyomi Harada, Ken-ichi Molecules Article β-Cyclocitral, specifically produced by Microcystis, is one of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) derived from cyanobacteria and has a lytic activity. It is postulated that β-cyclocitral is a key compound for regulating the occurrence of cyanobacteria and related microorganisms in an aquatic environment. β-Cyclocitral is sensitively detected when a high density of the cells is achieved from late summer to autumn. Moreover, it is expected to be involved in changes in the species composition of cyanobacteria in a lake. Although several analysis methods for β-cyclocitral have already been reported, β-cyclocitral could be detected using only solid phase micro-extraction (SPME), whereas it could not be found at all using the solvent extraction method in a previous study. In this study, we investigated why β-cyclocitral was detected using only SPME GC/MS. Particularly, three operations in SPME, i.e., extraction temperature, sample stirring rate, and the effect of salt, were examined for the production of β-cyclocitral. Among these, heating (60 °C) was critical for the β-cyclocitral formation. Furthermore, acidification with a 1-h storage was more effective than heating when comparing the obtained amounts. The present results indicated that β-cyclocitral did not exist as the intact form in cells, because it was formed by heating or acidification of the resulting intermediates during the analysis by SPME. The obtained results would be helpful to understand the formation and role of β-cyclocitral in an aquatic environment. MDPI 2020-02-14 /pmc/articles/PMC7070943/ /pubmed/32075007 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25040832 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Yamashita, Ryuji Bober, Beata Kanei, Keisuke Arii, Suzue Tsuji, Kiyomi Harada, Ken-ichi Analytical Technique Optimization on the Detection of β-cyclocitral in Microcystis Species |
title | Analytical Technique Optimization on the Detection of β-cyclocitral in Microcystis Species |
title_full | Analytical Technique Optimization on the Detection of β-cyclocitral in Microcystis Species |
title_fullStr | Analytical Technique Optimization on the Detection of β-cyclocitral in Microcystis Species |
title_full_unstemmed | Analytical Technique Optimization on the Detection of β-cyclocitral in Microcystis Species |
title_short | Analytical Technique Optimization on the Detection of β-cyclocitral in Microcystis Species |
title_sort | analytical technique optimization on the detection of β-cyclocitral in microcystis species |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7070943/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32075007 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25040832 |
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