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Pain and Problem Behavior in Cats and Dogs

SIMPLE SUMMARY: The potential role of pain in problem behavior is widely acknowledged, but there seems to be a lack of reporting of this issue. It is difficult to present definitive evidence concerning the breadth of the problem given the individuality of problem behavior. In this commentary, we pre...

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Autores principales: Mills, Daniel S., Demontigny-Bédard, Isabelle, Gruen, Margaret, Klinck, Mary P., McPeake, Kevin J., Barcelos, Ana Maria, Hewison, Lynn, Van Haevermaet, Himara, Denenberg, Sagi, Hauser, Hagar, Koch, Colleen, Ballantyne, Kelly, Wilson, Colleen, Mathkari, Chirantana V, Pounder, Julia, Garcia, Elena, Darder, Patrícia, Fatjó, Jaume, Levine, Emily
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7071134/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32085528
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10020318
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author Mills, Daniel S.
Demontigny-Bédard, Isabelle
Gruen, Margaret
Klinck, Mary P.
McPeake, Kevin J.
Barcelos, Ana Maria
Hewison, Lynn
Van Haevermaet, Himara
Denenberg, Sagi
Hauser, Hagar
Koch, Colleen
Ballantyne, Kelly
Wilson, Colleen
Mathkari, Chirantana V
Pounder, Julia
Garcia, Elena
Darder, Patrícia
Fatjó, Jaume
Levine, Emily
author_facet Mills, Daniel S.
Demontigny-Bédard, Isabelle
Gruen, Margaret
Klinck, Mary P.
McPeake, Kevin J.
Barcelos, Ana Maria
Hewison, Lynn
Van Haevermaet, Himara
Denenberg, Sagi
Hauser, Hagar
Koch, Colleen
Ballantyne, Kelly
Wilson, Colleen
Mathkari, Chirantana V
Pounder, Julia
Garcia, Elena
Darder, Patrícia
Fatjó, Jaume
Levine, Emily
author_sort Mills, Daniel S.
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: The potential role of pain in problem behavior is widely acknowledged, but there seems to be a lack of reporting of this issue. It is difficult to present definitive evidence concerning the breadth of the problem given the individuality of problem behavior. In this commentary, we present evidence from our own caseloads to illustrate the scale and the nature of the issue with a view to increasing awareness of the problem by veterinarians, non-veterinary behaviorists, and owners. Among the referral caseloads of several of the authors, the prevalence in recent years ranges from 28–82%, and many of these conditions can be suspected from close observation of the patient. While the actual mechanism underpinning the association between pain and problem behavior may never be known in a given case, we suggest the relationship between the problem behavior and pain can be classified into one of four categories: the presenting complaint is a direct manifestation of pain; unidentified pain is underpinning secondary concerns within the initial behavior problem; there is an exacerbation of one or more signs of problem behavior as a result of pain; or adjunctive behavioral signs are associated with pain. We conclude that, in general, it is better for veterinarians to treat suspected pain first rather than consider its significance only when the animal does not respond to behavior therapy. ABSTRACT: We argue that there is currently an under-reporting of the ways in which pain can be associated with problem behavior, which is seriously limiting the recognition of this welfare problem. A review of the caseloads of 100 recent dog cases of several authors indicates that a conservative estimate of around a third of referred cases involve some form of painful condition, and in some instances, the figure may be nearly 80%. The relationship is often complex but always logical. Musculoskeletal but also painful gastro-intestinal and dermatological conditions are commonly recognized as significant to the animal’s problem behavior. The potential importance of clinical abnormalities such as an unusual gait or unexplained behavioral signs should not be dismissed by clinicians in general practice, even when they are common within a given breed. In general, it is argued that clinicians should err on the side of caution when there is a suspicion that a patient could be in pain by carefully evaluating the patient’s response to trial analgesia, even if a specific physical lesion has not been identified.
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spelling pubmed-70711342020-03-19 Pain and Problem Behavior in Cats and Dogs Mills, Daniel S. Demontigny-Bédard, Isabelle Gruen, Margaret Klinck, Mary P. McPeake, Kevin J. Barcelos, Ana Maria Hewison, Lynn Van Haevermaet, Himara Denenberg, Sagi Hauser, Hagar Koch, Colleen Ballantyne, Kelly Wilson, Colleen Mathkari, Chirantana V Pounder, Julia Garcia, Elena Darder, Patrícia Fatjó, Jaume Levine, Emily Animals (Basel) Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: The potential role of pain in problem behavior is widely acknowledged, but there seems to be a lack of reporting of this issue. It is difficult to present definitive evidence concerning the breadth of the problem given the individuality of problem behavior. In this commentary, we present evidence from our own caseloads to illustrate the scale and the nature of the issue with a view to increasing awareness of the problem by veterinarians, non-veterinary behaviorists, and owners. Among the referral caseloads of several of the authors, the prevalence in recent years ranges from 28–82%, and many of these conditions can be suspected from close observation of the patient. While the actual mechanism underpinning the association between pain and problem behavior may never be known in a given case, we suggest the relationship between the problem behavior and pain can be classified into one of four categories: the presenting complaint is a direct manifestation of pain; unidentified pain is underpinning secondary concerns within the initial behavior problem; there is an exacerbation of one or more signs of problem behavior as a result of pain; or adjunctive behavioral signs are associated with pain. We conclude that, in general, it is better for veterinarians to treat suspected pain first rather than consider its significance only when the animal does not respond to behavior therapy. ABSTRACT: We argue that there is currently an under-reporting of the ways in which pain can be associated with problem behavior, which is seriously limiting the recognition of this welfare problem. A review of the caseloads of 100 recent dog cases of several authors indicates that a conservative estimate of around a third of referred cases involve some form of painful condition, and in some instances, the figure may be nearly 80%. The relationship is often complex but always logical. Musculoskeletal but also painful gastro-intestinal and dermatological conditions are commonly recognized as significant to the animal’s problem behavior. The potential importance of clinical abnormalities such as an unusual gait or unexplained behavioral signs should not be dismissed by clinicians in general practice, even when they are common within a given breed. In general, it is argued that clinicians should err on the side of caution when there is a suspicion that a patient could be in pain by carefully evaluating the patient’s response to trial analgesia, even if a specific physical lesion has not been identified. MDPI 2020-02-18 /pmc/articles/PMC7071134/ /pubmed/32085528 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10020318 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Mills, Daniel S.
Demontigny-Bédard, Isabelle
Gruen, Margaret
Klinck, Mary P.
McPeake, Kevin J.
Barcelos, Ana Maria
Hewison, Lynn
Van Haevermaet, Himara
Denenberg, Sagi
Hauser, Hagar
Koch, Colleen
Ballantyne, Kelly
Wilson, Colleen
Mathkari, Chirantana V
Pounder, Julia
Garcia, Elena
Darder, Patrícia
Fatjó, Jaume
Levine, Emily
Pain and Problem Behavior in Cats and Dogs
title Pain and Problem Behavior in Cats and Dogs
title_full Pain and Problem Behavior in Cats and Dogs
title_fullStr Pain and Problem Behavior in Cats and Dogs
title_full_unstemmed Pain and Problem Behavior in Cats and Dogs
title_short Pain and Problem Behavior in Cats and Dogs
title_sort pain and problem behavior in cats and dogs
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7071134/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32085528
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10020318
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