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Valeric Acid, a Gut Microbiota Product, Penetrates to the Eye and Lowers Intraocular Pressure in Rats
Mechanisms controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) and arterial blood pressure (BP) share similar mediators, including gut bacteria metabolites. Here, we investigated the effects of valeric acid (VA), a short chain fatty acid produced by microbiota from undigested carbohydrates, on IOP and BP. To tes...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7071253/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32024034 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020387 |
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author | Skrzypecki, Janusz Niewęgłowska, Karolina Samborowska, Emilia |
author_facet | Skrzypecki, Janusz Niewęgłowska, Karolina Samborowska, Emilia |
author_sort | Skrzypecki, Janusz |
collection | PubMed |
description | Mechanisms controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) and arterial blood pressure (BP) share similar mediators, including gut bacteria metabolites. Here, we investigated the effects of valeric acid (VA), a short chain fatty acid produced by microbiota from undigested carbohydrates, on IOP and BP. To test if gut VA penetrates to the eye we evaluated eyes’ homogenates after the administration of D9-VA into the colon. Additionally, the following experimental series were performed on 16-week-old Sprague Dawley rats to analyze the influence of VA on IOP: vehicle treatment; VA treatment; VA + hydroxybutyrate - a short chain fatty acids’ G protein-coupled receptor 41/43 (GPR 41/43) blocker (ANT); hydroxybutyrate; VA + angiotensin II; angiotensin II; VA treatment in rats with superior cervical ganglion excision and sham operated rats. D9-VA rapidly penetrated from the colon to the eye. VA significantly decreased IOP and BP. The decrease in IOP was gradual and lasted through the experiment. In contrast, a decrease in BP was instantaneous and lasted no longer than 10 min. Angiotensin II, ANT, and sympathetic denervation did not influence the effect of VA on IOP. In conclusion, colon-derived VA penetrates to the eye and decreases IOP. The effect is independent from BP changes, angiotensin II, GPR41/43, and sympathetic eye innervation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7071253 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70712532020-03-19 Valeric Acid, a Gut Microbiota Product, Penetrates to the Eye and Lowers Intraocular Pressure in Rats Skrzypecki, Janusz Niewęgłowska, Karolina Samborowska, Emilia Nutrients Article Mechanisms controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) and arterial blood pressure (BP) share similar mediators, including gut bacteria metabolites. Here, we investigated the effects of valeric acid (VA), a short chain fatty acid produced by microbiota from undigested carbohydrates, on IOP and BP. To test if gut VA penetrates to the eye we evaluated eyes’ homogenates after the administration of D9-VA into the colon. Additionally, the following experimental series were performed on 16-week-old Sprague Dawley rats to analyze the influence of VA on IOP: vehicle treatment; VA treatment; VA + hydroxybutyrate - a short chain fatty acids’ G protein-coupled receptor 41/43 (GPR 41/43) blocker (ANT); hydroxybutyrate; VA + angiotensin II; angiotensin II; VA treatment in rats with superior cervical ganglion excision and sham operated rats. D9-VA rapidly penetrated from the colon to the eye. VA significantly decreased IOP and BP. The decrease in IOP was gradual and lasted through the experiment. In contrast, a decrease in BP was instantaneous and lasted no longer than 10 min. Angiotensin II, ANT, and sympathetic denervation did not influence the effect of VA on IOP. In conclusion, colon-derived VA penetrates to the eye and decreases IOP. The effect is independent from BP changes, angiotensin II, GPR41/43, and sympathetic eye innervation. MDPI 2020-01-31 /pmc/articles/PMC7071253/ /pubmed/32024034 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020387 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Skrzypecki, Janusz Niewęgłowska, Karolina Samborowska, Emilia Valeric Acid, a Gut Microbiota Product, Penetrates to the Eye and Lowers Intraocular Pressure in Rats |
title | Valeric Acid, a Gut Microbiota Product, Penetrates to the Eye and Lowers Intraocular Pressure in Rats |
title_full | Valeric Acid, a Gut Microbiota Product, Penetrates to the Eye and Lowers Intraocular Pressure in Rats |
title_fullStr | Valeric Acid, a Gut Microbiota Product, Penetrates to the Eye and Lowers Intraocular Pressure in Rats |
title_full_unstemmed | Valeric Acid, a Gut Microbiota Product, Penetrates to the Eye and Lowers Intraocular Pressure in Rats |
title_short | Valeric Acid, a Gut Microbiota Product, Penetrates to the Eye and Lowers Intraocular Pressure in Rats |
title_sort | valeric acid, a gut microbiota product, penetrates to the eye and lowers intraocular pressure in rats |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7071253/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32024034 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020387 |
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