Metabolomic Analysis of the Liver of a Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Acute Colitis Mouse Model: Implications of the Gut–Liver Connection

The incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) is increasing worldwide, and it has become a growing problem in Asia. Previous research on UC has focused on serum, plasma, urine, gut tissues, and fecal metabolic profiling, but a comprehensive investigation into the correlation between the severity of colitis and changes in liver metabolism is still lacking. Since the liver and gut exchange nutrients and metabolites through a complex network, intestinal diseases can affect both the liver and other organs. In the present study, concentration-dependent dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis was employed to examine changes in liver metabolism using a proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-NMR)-and ultra-performance liquid chromatography time of flight mass spectroscopy (UPLC-TOF MS)-based metabolomics study. Using the multivariate statistical analysis method orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), changes in metabolites depending on the DSS dose could be clearly distinguished. Specifically, hepatic metabolites involved in one-carbon metabolism, carnitine-related metabolism, and nucleotide synthesis were found to be affected by intestinal inflammation, implying the existence of a metabolic connection between the gut and liver. We are currently investigating the significance of this metabolic condition in UC.