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Role of TGF-β in Skin Chronic Wounds: A Keratinocyte Perspective
Chronic wounds are characterized for their incapacity to heal within an expected time frame. Potential mechanisms driving this impairment are poorly understood and current hypotheses point to the development of an unbalanced milieu of growth factor and cytokines. Among them, TGF-β is considered to p...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7072438/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32012802 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9020306 |
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author | Liarte, Sergio Bernabé-García, Ángel Nicolás, Francisco J. |
author_facet | Liarte, Sergio Bernabé-García, Ángel Nicolás, Francisco J. |
author_sort | Liarte, Sergio |
collection | PubMed |
description | Chronic wounds are characterized for their incapacity to heal within an expected time frame. Potential mechanisms driving this impairment are poorly understood and current hypotheses point to the development of an unbalanced milieu of growth factor and cytokines. Among them, TGF-β is considered to promote the broadest spectrum of effects. Although it is known to contribute to healthy skin homeostasis, the highly context-dependent nature of TGF-β signaling restricts the understanding of its roles in healing and wound chronification. Historically, low TGF-β levels have been suggested as a pattern in chronic wounds. However, a revision of the available evidence in humans indicates that this could constitute a questionable argument. Thus, in chronic wounds, divergences regarding skin tissue compartments seem to be characterized by elevated TGF-β levels only in the epidermis. Understanding how this aspect affects keratinocyte activities and their capacity to re-epithelialize might offer an opportunity to gain comprehensive knowledge of the involvement of TGF-β in chronic wounds. In this review, we compile existing evidence on the roles played by TGF-β during skin wound healing, with special emphasis on keratinocyte responses. Current limitations and future perspectives of TGF-β research in chronic wounds are discussed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7072438 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70724382020-03-19 Role of TGF-β in Skin Chronic Wounds: A Keratinocyte Perspective Liarte, Sergio Bernabé-García, Ángel Nicolás, Francisco J. Cells Review Chronic wounds are characterized for their incapacity to heal within an expected time frame. Potential mechanisms driving this impairment are poorly understood and current hypotheses point to the development of an unbalanced milieu of growth factor and cytokines. Among them, TGF-β is considered to promote the broadest spectrum of effects. Although it is known to contribute to healthy skin homeostasis, the highly context-dependent nature of TGF-β signaling restricts the understanding of its roles in healing and wound chronification. Historically, low TGF-β levels have been suggested as a pattern in chronic wounds. However, a revision of the available evidence in humans indicates that this could constitute a questionable argument. Thus, in chronic wounds, divergences regarding skin tissue compartments seem to be characterized by elevated TGF-β levels only in the epidermis. Understanding how this aspect affects keratinocyte activities and their capacity to re-epithelialize might offer an opportunity to gain comprehensive knowledge of the involvement of TGF-β in chronic wounds. In this review, we compile existing evidence on the roles played by TGF-β during skin wound healing, with special emphasis on keratinocyte responses. Current limitations and future perspectives of TGF-β research in chronic wounds are discussed. MDPI 2020-01-28 /pmc/articles/PMC7072438/ /pubmed/32012802 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9020306 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Liarte, Sergio Bernabé-García, Ángel Nicolás, Francisco J. Role of TGF-β in Skin Chronic Wounds: A Keratinocyte Perspective |
title | Role of TGF-β in Skin Chronic Wounds: A Keratinocyte Perspective |
title_full | Role of TGF-β in Skin Chronic Wounds: A Keratinocyte Perspective |
title_fullStr | Role of TGF-β in Skin Chronic Wounds: A Keratinocyte Perspective |
title_full_unstemmed | Role of TGF-β in Skin Chronic Wounds: A Keratinocyte Perspective |
title_short | Role of TGF-β in Skin Chronic Wounds: A Keratinocyte Perspective |
title_sort | role of tgf-β in skin chronic wounds: a keratinocyte perspective |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7072438/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32012802 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9020306 |
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