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Toll-like Receptors from the Perspective of Cancer Treatment
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent a family of pattern recognition receptors that recognize certain pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns. TLRs are highly interesting to researchers including immunologists because of the involvement in various diseases inc...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7072551/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32012718 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12020297 |
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author | Javaid, Nasir Choi, Sangdun |
author_facet | Javaid, Nasir Choi, Sangdun |
author_sort | Javaid, Nasir |
collection | PubMed |
description | Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent a family of pattern recognition receptors that recognize certain pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns. TLRs are highly interesting to researchers including immunologists because of the involvement in various diseases including cancers, allergies, autoimmunity, infections, and inflammation. After ligand engagement, TLRs trigger multiple signaling pathways involving nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), interferon-regulatory factors (IRFs), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) for the production of various cytokines that play an important role in diseases like cancer. TLR activation in immune as well as cancer cells may prevent the formation and growth of a tumor. Nonetheless, under certain conditions, either hyperactivation or hypoactivation of TLRs supports the survival and metastasis of a tumor. Therefore, the design of TLR-targeting agonists as well as antagonists is a promising immunotherapeutic approach to cancer. In this review, we mainly describe TLRs, their involvement in cancer, and their promising properties for anticancer drug discovery. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7072551 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70725512020-03-19 Toll-like Receptors from the Perspective of Cancer Treatment Javaid, Nasir Choi, Sangdun Cancers (Basel) Review Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent a family of pattern recognition receptors that recognize certain pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns. TLRs are highly interesting to researchers including immunologists because of the involvement in various diseases including cancers, allergies, autoimmunity, infections, and inflammation. After ligand engagement, TLRs trigger multiple signaling pathways involving nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), interferon-regulatory factors (IRFs), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) for the production of various cytokines that play an important role in diseases like cancer. TLR activation in immune as well as cancer cells may prevent the formation and growth of a tumor. Nonetheless, under certain conditions, either hyperactivation or hypoactivation of TLRs supports the survival and metastasis of a tumor. Therefore, the design of TLR-targeting agonists as well as antagonists is a promising immunotherapeutic approach to cancer. In this review, we mainly describe TLRs, their involvement in cancer, and their promising properties for anticancer drug discovery. MDPI 2020-01-27 /pmc/articles/PMC7072551/ /pubmed/32012718 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12020297 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Javaid, Nasir Choi, Sangdun Toll-like Receptors from the Perspective of Cancer Treatment |
title | Toll-like Receptors from the Perspective of Cancer Treatment |
title_full | Toll-like Receptors from the Perspective of Cancer Treatment |
title_fullStr | Toll-like Receptors from the Perspective of Cancer Treatment |
title_full_unstemmed | Toll-like Receptors from the Perspective of Cancer Treatment |
title_short | Toll-like Receptors from the Perspective of Cancer Treatment |
title_sort | toll-like receptors from the perspective of cancer treatment |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7072551/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32012718 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12020297 |
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