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Toll-like Receptors from the Perspective of Cancer Treatment

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent a family of pattern recognition receptors that recognize certain pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns. TLRs are highly interesting to researchers including immunologists because of the involvement in various diseases inc...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Javaid, Nasir, Choi, Sangdun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7072551/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32012718
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12020297
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author Javaid, Nasir
Choi, Sangdun
author_facet Javaid, Nasir
Choi, Sangdun
author_sort Javaid, Nasir
collection PubMed
description Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent a family of pattern recognition receptors that recognize certain pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns. TLRs are highly interesting to researchers including immunologists because of the involvement in various diseases including cancers, allergies, autoimmunity, infections, and inflammation. After ligand engagement, TLRs trigger multiple signaling pathways involving nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), interferon-regulatory factors (IRFs), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) for the production of various cytokines that play an important role in diseases like cancer. TLR activation in immune as well as cancer cells may prevent the formation and growth of a tumor. Nonetheless, under certain conditions, either hyperactivation or hypoactivation of TLRs supports the survival and metastasis of a tumor. Therefore, the design of TLR-targeting agonists as well as antagonists is a promising immunotherapeutic approach to cancer. In this review, we mainly describe TLRs, their involvement in cancer, and their promising properties for anticancer drug discovery.
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spelling pubmed-70725512020-03-19 Toll-like Receptors from the Perspective of Cancer Treatment Javaid, Nasir Choi, Sangdun Cancers (Basel) Review Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent a family of pattern recognition receptors that recognize certain pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns. TLRs are highly interesting to researchers including immunologists because of the involvement in various diseases including cancers, allergies, autoimmunity, infections, and inflammation. After ligand engagement, TLRs trigger multiple signaling pathways involving nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), interferon-regulatory factors (IRFs), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) for the production of various cytokines that play an important role in diseases like cancer. TLR activation in immune as well as cancer cells may prevent the formation and growth of a tumor. Nonetheless, under certain conditions, either hyperactivation or hypoactivation of TLRs supports the survival and metastasis of a tumor. Therefore, the design of TLR-targeting agonists as well as antagonists is a promising immunotherapeutic approach to cancer. In this review, we mainly describe TLRs, their involvement in cancer, and their promising properties for anticancer drug discovery. MDPI 2020-01-27 /pmc/articles/PMC7072551/ /pubmed/32012718 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12020297 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Javaid, Nasir
Choi, Sangdun
Toll-like Receptors from the Perspective of Cancer Treatment
title Toll-like Receptors from the Perspective of Cancer Treatment
title_full Toll-like Receptors from the Perspective of Cancer Treatment
title_fullStr Toll-like Receptors from the Perspective of Cancer Treatment
title_full_unstemmed Toll-like Receptors from the Perspective of Cancer Treatment
title_short Toll-like Receptors from the Perspective of Cancer Treatment
title_sort toll-like receptors from the perspective of cancer treatment
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7072551/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32012718
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12020297
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