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Microtubule-Based Mechanisms of Pronuclear Positioning
The zygote is defined as a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes. Union of haploid male and female pronuclei in many animals occurs through rearrangements of the microtubule cytoskeleton into a radial array of microtubules known as the sperm aster. The sperm aster nucleates f...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7072840/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32102180 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9020505 |
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author | Meaders, Johnathan L. Burgess, David R. |
author_facet | Meaders, Johnathan L. Burgess, David R. |
author_sort | Meaders, Johnathan L. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The zygote is defined as a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes. Union of haploid male and female pronuclei in many animals occurs through rearrangements of the microtubule cytoskeleton into a radial array of microtubules known as the sperm aster. The sperm aster nucleates from paternally-derived centrioles attached to the male pronucleus after fertilization. Nematode, echinoderm, and amphibian eggs have proven as invaluable models to investigate the biophysical principles for how the sperm aster unites male and female pronuclei with precise spatial and temporal regulation. In this review, we compare these model organisms, discussing the dynamics of sperm aster formation and the different force generating mechanism for sperm aster and pronuclear migration. Finally, we provide new mechanistic insights for how sperm aster growth may influence sperm aster positioning. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7072840 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70728402020-03-19 Microtubule-Based Mechanisms of Pronuclear Positioning Meaders, Johnathan L. Burgess, David R. Cells Review The zygote is defined as a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes. Union of haploid male and female pronuclei in many animals occurs through rearrangements of the microtubule cytoskeleton into a radial array of microtubules known as the sperm aster. The sperm aster nucleates from paternally-derived centrioles attached to the male pronucleus after fertilization. Nematode, echinoderm, and amphibian eggs have proven as invaluable models to investigate the biophysical principles for how the sperm aster unites male and female pronuclei with precise spatial and temporal regulation. In this review, we compare these model organisms, discussing the dynamics of sperm aster formation and the different force generating mechanism for sperm aster and pronuclear migration. Finally, we provide new mechanistic insights for how sperm aster growth may influence sperm aster positioning. MDPI 2020-02-23 /pmc/articles/PMC7072840/ /pubmed/32102180 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9020505 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Meaders, Johnathan L. Burgess, David R. Microtubule-Based Mechanisms of Pronuclear Positioning |
title | Microtubule-Based Mechanisms of Pronuclear Positioning |
title_full | Microtubule-Based Mechanisms of Pronuclear Positioning |
title_fullStr | Microtubule-Based Mechanisms of Pronuclear Positioning |
title_full_unstemmed | Microtubule-Based Mechanisms of Pronuclear Positioning |
title_short | Microtubule-Based Mechanisms of Pronuclear Positioning |
title_sort | microtubule-based mechanisms of pronuclear positioning |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7072840/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32102180 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9020505 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT meadersjohnathanl microtubulebasedmechanismsofpronuclearpositioning AT burgessdavidr microtubulebasedmechanismsofpronuclearpositioning |