Cargando…
β2 Integrins—Multi-Functional Leukocyte Receptors in Health and Disease
β2 integrins are heterodimeric surface receptors composed of a variable α (CD11a-CD11d) and a constant β (CD18) subunit and are specifically expressed by leukocytes. The α subunit defines the individual functional properties of the corresponding β2 integrin, but all β2 integrins show functional over...
Autores principales: | , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7073085/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32092981 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041402 |
_version_ | 1783506556530196480 |
---|---|
author | Bednarczyk, Monika Stege, Henner Grabbe, Stephan Bros, Matthias |
author_facet | Bednarczyk, Monika Stege, Henner Grabbe, Stephan Bros, Matthias |
author_sort | Bednarczyk, Monika |
collection | PubMed |
description | β2 integrins are heterodimeric surface receptors composed of a variable α (CD11a-CD11d) and a constant β (CD18) subunit and are specifically expressed by leukocytes. The α subunit defines the individual functional properties of the corresponding β2 integrin, but all β2 integrins show functional overlap. They mediate adhesion to other cells and to components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), orchestrate uptake of extracellular material like complement-opsonized pathogens, control cytoskeletal organization, and modulate cell signaling. This review aims to delineate the tremendous role of β2 integrins for immune functions as exemplified by the phenotype of LAD-I (leukocyte adhesion deficiency 1) patients that suffer from strong recurrent infections. These immune defects have been largely attributed to impaired migratory and phagocytic properties of polymorphonuclear granulocytes. The molecular base for this inherited disease is a functional impairment of β2 integrins due to mutations within the CD18 gene. LAD-I patients are also predisposed for autoimmune diseases. In agreement, polymorphisms within the CD11b gene have been associated with autoimmunity. Consequently, β2 integrins have received growing interest as targets in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Moreover, β2 integrin activity on leukocytes has been implicated in tumor development. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7073085 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70730852020-03-19 β2 Integrins—Multi-Functional Leukocyte Receptors in Health and Disease Bednarczyk, Monika Stege, Henner Grabbe, Stephan Bros, Matthias Int J Mol Sci Review β2 integrins are heterodimeric surface receptors composed of a variable α (CD11a-CD11d) and a constant β (CD18) subunit and are specifically expressed by leukocytes. The α subunit defines the individual functional properties of the corresponding β2 integrin, but all β2 integrins show functional overlap. They mediate adhesion to other cells and to components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), orchestrate uptake of extracellular material like complement-opsonized pathogens, control cytoskeletal organization, and modulate cell signaling. This review aims to delineate the tremendous role of β2 integrins for immune functions as exemplified by the phenotype of LAD-I (leukocyte adhesion deficiency 1) patients that suffer from strong recurrent infections. These immune defects have been largely attributed to impaired migratory and phagocytic properties of polymorphonuclear granulocytes. The molecular base for this inherited disease is a functional impairment of β2 integrins due to mutations within the CD18 gene. LAD-I patients are also predisposed for autoimmune diseases. In agreement, polymorphisms within the CD11b gene have been associated with autoimmunity. Consequently, β2 integrins have received growing interest as targets in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Moreover, β2 integrin activity on leukocytes has been implicated in tumor development. MDPI 2020-02-19 /pmc/articles/PMC7073085/ /pubmed/32092981 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041402 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Bednarczyk, Monika Stege, Henner Grabbe, Stephan Bros, Matthias β2 Integrins—Multi-Functional Leukocyte Receptors in Health and Disease |
title | β2 Integrins—Multi-Functional Leukocyte Receptors in Health and Disease |
title_full | β2 Integrins—Multi-Functional Leukocyte Receptors in Health and Disease |
title_fullStr | β2 Integrins—Multi-Functional Leukocyte Receptors in Health and Disease |
title_full_unstemmed | β2 Integrins—Multi-Functional Leukocyte Receptors in Health and Disease |
title_short | β2 Integrins—Multi-Functional Leukocyte Receptors in Health and Disease |
title_sort | β2 integrins—multi-functional leukocyte receptors in health and disease |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7073085/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32092981 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041402 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT bednarczykmonika b2integrinsmultifunctionalleukocytereceptorsinhealthanddisease AT stegehenner b2integrinsmultifunctionalleukocytereceptorsinhealthanddisease AT grabbestephan b2integrinsmultifunctionalleukocytereceptorsinhealthanddisease AT brosmatthias b2integrinsmultifunctionalleukocytereceptorsinhealthanddisease |