Cargando…

Diversity of Antimicrobial Peptides in Three Partially Sympatric Frog Species in Northeast Asia and Implications for Evolution

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are evolutionarily ancient molecules that play an essential role in innate immunity across taxa from invertebrates to vertebrates. The evolution system of AMP system has not been well explained in the literature. In this study, we cloned and sequenced AMP transcriptomes...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Wang, Qing, Xia, Rui, Ji, Jing Jing, Zhu, Qian, Li, Xiao Ping, Ma, Yue, Xu, Yan Chun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7073735/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32024145
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11020158
_version_ 1783506686870290432
author Wang, Qing
Xia, Rui
Ji, Jing Jing
Zhu, Qian
Li, Xiao Ping
Ma, Yue
Xu, Yan Chun
author_facet Wang, Qing
Xia, Rui
Ji, Jing Jing
Zhu, Qian
Li, Xiao Ping
Ma, Yue
Xu, Yan Chun
author_sort Wang, Qing
collection PubMed
description Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are evolutionarily ancient molecules that play an essential role in innate immunity across taxa from invertebrates to vertebrates. The evolution system of AMP system has not been well explained in the literature. In this study, we cloned and sequenced AMP transcriptomes of three frog species, namely Rana dybowskii, Rana amurensis, and Pelophylax nigromaculatus, which are partially sympatric in northeast Asia, but show different habitat preferences. We found that each species contained 7 to 14 families of AMPs and the diversity was higher in species with a large geographic range and greater habitat variation. All AMPs are phylogenetically related but not associated with the speciation process. Most AMP genes were under negative selection. We propose that the diversification and addition of novel functions and improvement of antimicrobial efficiency are facilitated by the expansion of family members and numbers. We also documented significant negative correlation of net charges and numbers of amino acid residues between the propiece and mature peptide segments. This supports the Net Charge Balance Hypothesis. We propose the Cut Point Sliding Hypothesis as a novel diversification mechanism to explain the correlation in lengths of the two segments.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7073735
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2020
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-70737352020-03-19 Diversity of Antimicrobial Peptides in Three Partially Sympatric Frog Species in Northeast Asia and Implications for Evolution Wang, Qing Xia, Rui Ji, Jing Jing Zhu, Qian Li, Xiao Ping Ma, Yue Xu, Yan Chun Genes (Basel) Article Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are evolutionarily ancient molecules that play an essential role in innate immunity across taxa from invertebrates to vertebrates. The evolution system of AMP system has not been well explained in the literature. In this study, we cloned and sequenced AMP transcriptomes of three frog species, namely Rana dybowskii, Rana amurensis, and Pelophylax nigromaculatus, which are partially sympatric in northeast Asia, but show different habitat preferences. We found that each species contained 7 to 14 families of AMPs and the diversity was higher in species with a large geographic range and greater habitat variation. All AMPs are phylogenetically related but not associated with the speciation process. Most AMP genes were under negative selection. We propose that the diversification and addition of novel functions and improvement of antimicrobial efficiency are facilitated by the expansion of family members and numbers. We also documented significant negative correlation of net charges and numbers of amino acid residues between the propiece and mature peptide segments. This supports the Net Charge Balance Hypothesis. We propose the Cut Point Sliding Hypothesis as a novel diversification mechanism to explain the correlation in lengths of the two segments. MDPI 2020-02-01 /pmc/articles/PMC7073735/ /pubmed/32024145 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11020158 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Wang, Qing
Xia, Rui
Ji, Jing Jing
Zhu, Qian
Li, Xiao Ping
Ma, Yue
Xu, Yan Chun
Diversity of Antimicrobial Peptides in Three Partially Sympatric Frog Species in Northeast Asia and Implications for Evolution
title Diversity of Antimicrobial Peptides in Three Partially Sympatric Frog Species in Northeast Asia and Implications for Evolution
title_full Diversity of Antimicrobial Peptides in Three Partially Sympatric Frog Species in Northeast Asia and Implications for Evolution
title_fullStr Diversity of Antimicrobial Peptides in Three Partially Sympatric Frog Species in Northeast Asia and Implications for Evolution
title_full_unstemmed Diversity of Antimicrobial Peptides in Three Partially Sympatric Frog Species in Northeast Asia and Implications for Evolution
title_short Diversity of Antimicrobial Peptides in Three Partially Sympatric Frog Species in Northeast Asia and Implications for Evolution
title_sort diversity of antimicrobial peptides in three partially sympatric frog species in northeast asia and implications for evolution
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7073735/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32024145
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11020158
work_keys_str_mv AT wangqing diversityofantimicrobialpeptidesinthreepartiallysympatricfrogspeciesinnortheastasiaandimplicationsforevolution
AT xiarui diversityofantimicrobialpeptidesinthreepartiallysympatricfrogspeciesinnortheastasiaandimplicationsforevolution
AT jijingjing diversityofantimicrobialpeptidesinthreepartiallysympatricfrogspeciesinnortheastasiaandimplicationsforevolution
AT zhuqian diversityofantimicrobialpeptidesinthreepartiallysympatricfrogspeciesinnortheastasiaandimplicationsforevolution
AT lixiaoping diversityofantimicrobialpeptidesinthreepartiallysympatricfrogspeciesinnortheastasiaandimplicationsforevolution
AT mayue diversityofantimicrobialpeptidesinthreepartiallysympatricfrogspeciesinnortheastasiaandimplicationsforevolution
AT xuyanchun diversityofantimicrobialpeptidesinthreepartiallysympatricfrogspeciesinnortheastasiaandimplicationsforevolution