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Detection of Beef Adulterated with Pork Using a Low-Cost Electronic Nose Based on Colorimetric Sensors
The present study was aimed at developing a low-cost but rapid technique for qualitative and quantitative detection of beef adulterated with pork. An electronic nose based on colorimetric sensors was proposed. The fresh beef rib steaks and streaky pork were purchased and used from the local agricult...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7073938/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32075051 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9020193 |
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author | Han, Fangkai Huang, Xingyi H. Aheto, Joshua Zhang, Dongjing Feng, Fan |
author_facet | Han, Fangkai Huang, Xingyi H. Aheto, Joshua Zhang, Dongjing Feng, Fan |
author_sort | Han, Fangkai |
collection | PubMed |
description | The present study was aimed at developing a low-cost but rapid technique for qualitative and quantitative detection of beef adulterated with pork. An electronic nose based on colorimetric sensors was proposed. The fresh beef rib steaks and streaky pork were purchased and used from the local agricultural market in Suzhou, China. The minced beef was mixed with pork ranging at levels from 0%~100% by weight at increments of 20%. Protein, fat, and ash content were measured for validation of the differences between the pure beef and pork used in basic chemical compositions. Fisher linear discriminant analysis (Fisher LDA) and extreme learning machine (ELM) were utilized comparatively for identification of the ground pure beef, beef–pork mixtures, and pure pork. Back propagation-artificial neural network (BP-ANN) models were built for prediction of the adulteration levels. Results revealed that the ELM model built was superior to the Fisher LDA model with higher identification rates of 91.27% and 87.5% in the training and prediction sets respectively. Regarding the adulteration level prediction, the correlation coefficient and the root mean square error were 0.85 and 0.147 respectively in the prediction set of the BP-ANN model built. This suggests, from all the results, that the low-cost electronic nose based on colorimetric sensors coupled with chemometrics has a great potential in rapid detection of beef adulterated with pork. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7073938 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70739382020-03-19 Detection of Beef Adulterated with Pork Using a Low-Cost Electronic Nose Based on Colorimetric Sensors Han, Fangkai Huang, Xingyi H. Aheto, Joshua Zhang, Dongjing Feng, Fan Foods Article The present study was aimed at developing a low-cost but rapid technique for qualitative and quantitative detection of beef adulterated with pork. An electronic nose based on colorimetric sensors was proposed. The fresh beef rib steaks and streaky pork were purchased and used from the local agricultural market in Suzhou, China. The minced beef was mixed with pork ranging at levels from 0%~100% by weight at increments of 20%. Protein, fat, and ash content were measured for validation of the differences between the pure beef and pork used in basic chemical compositions. Fisher linear discriminant analysis (Fisher LDA) and extreme learning machine (ELM) were utilized comparatively for identification of the ground pure beef, beef–pork mixtures, and pure pork. Back propagation-artificial neural network (BP-ANN) models were built for prediction of the adulteration levels. Results revealed that the ELM model built was superior to the Fisher LDA model with higher identification rates of 91.27% and 87.5% in the training and prediction sets respectively. Regarding the adulteration level prediction, the correlation coefficient and the root mean square error were 0.85 and 0.147 respectively in the prediction set of the BP-ANN model built. This suggests, from all the results, that the low-cost electronic nose based on colorimetric sensors coupled with chemometrics has a great potential in rapid detection of beef adulterated with pork. MDPI 2020-02-14 /pmc/articles/PMC7073938/ /pubmed/32075051 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9020193 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Han, Fangkai Huang, Xingyi H. Aheto, Joshua Zhang, Dongjing Feng, Fan Detection of Beef Adulterated with Pork Using a Low-Cost Electronic Nose Based on Colorimetric Sensors |
title | Detection of Beef Adulterated with Pork Using a Low-Cost Electronic Nose Based on Colorimetric Sensors |
title_full | Detection of Beef Adulterated with Pork Using a Low-Cost Electronic Nose Based on Colorimetric Sensors |
title_fullStr | Detection of Beef Adulterated with Pork Using a Low-Cost Electronic Nose Based on Colorimetric Sensors |
title_full_unstemmed | Detection of Beef Adulterated with Pork Using a Low-Cost Electronic Nose Based on Colorimetric Sensors |
title_short | Detection of Beef Adulterated with Pork Using a Low-Cost Electronic Nose Based on Colorimetric Sensors |
title_sort | detection of beef adulterated with pork using a low-cost electronic nose based on colorimetric sensors |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7073938/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32075051 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9020193 |
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