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Working on Genomic Stability: From the S-Phase to Mitosis

Fidelity in chromosome duplication and segregation is indispensable for maintaining genomic stability and the perpetuation of life. Challenges to genome integrity jeopardize cell survival and are at the root of different types of pathologies, such as cancer. The following three main sources of genom...

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Autores principales: Ovejero, Sara, Bueno, Avelino, Sacristán, María P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7074175/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32093406
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11020225
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author Ovejero, Sara
Bueno, Avelino
Sacristán, María P.
author_facet Ovejero, Sara
Bueno, Avelino
Sacristán, María P.
author_sort Ovejero, Sara
collection PubMed
description Fidelity in chromosome duplication and segregation is indispensable for maintaining genomic stability and the perpetuation of life. Challenges to genome integrity jeopardize cell survival and are at the root of different types of pathologies, such as cancer. The following three main sources of genomic instability exist: DNA damage, replicative stress, and chromosome segregation defects. In response to these challenges, eukaryotic cells have evolved control mechanisms, also known as checkpoint systems, which sense under-replicated or damaged DNA and activate specialized DNA repair machineries. Cells make use of these checkpoints throughout interphase to shield genome integrity before mitosis. Later on, when the cells enter into mitosis, the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is activated and remains active until the chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle apparatus to ensure an equal segregation among daughter cells. All of these processes are tightly interconnected and under strict regulation in the context of the cell division cycle. The chromosomal instability underlying cancer pathogenesis has recently emerged as a major source for understanding the mitotic processes that helps to safeguard genome integrity. Here, we review the special interconnection between the S-phase and mitosis in the presence of under-replicated DNA regions. Furthermore, we discuss what is known about the DNA damage response activated in mitosis that preserves chromosomal integrity.
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spelling pubmed-70741752020-03-19 Working on Genomic Stability: From the S-Phase to Mitosis Ovejero, Sara Bueno, Avelino Sacristán, María P. Genes (Basel) Review Fidelity in chromosome duplication and segregation is indispensable for maintaining genomic stability and the perpetuation of life. Challenges to genome integrity jeopardize cell survival and are at the root of different types of pathologies, such as cancer. The following three main sources of genomic instability exist: DNA damage, replicative stress, and chromosome segregation defects. In response to these challenges, eukaryotic cells have evolved control mechanisms, also known as checkpoint systems, which sense under-replicated or damaged DNA and activate specialized DNA repair machineries. Cells make use of these checkpoints throughout interphase to shield genome integrity before mitosis. Later on, when the cells enter into mitosis, the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is activated and remains active until the chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle apparatus to ensure an equal segregation among daughter cells. All of these processes are tightly interconnected and under strict regulation in the context of the cell division cycle. The chromosomal instability underlying cancer pathogenesis has recently emerged as a major source for understanding the mitotic processes that helps to safeguard genome integrity. Here, we review the special interconnection between the S-phase and mitosis in the presence of under-replicated DNA regions. Furthermore, we discuss what is known about the DNA damage response activated in mitosis that preserves chromosomal integrity. MDPI 2020-02-20 /pmc/articles/PMC7074175/ /pubmed/32093406 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11020225 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Ovejero, Sara
Bueno, Avelino
Sacristán, María P.
Working on Genomic Stability: From the S-Phase to Mitosis
title Working on Genomic Stability: From the S-Phase to Mitosis
title_full Working on Genomic Stability: From the S-Phase to Mitosis
title_fullStr Working on Genomic Stability: From the S-Phase to Mitosis
title_full_unstemmed Working on Genomic Stability: From the S-Phase to Mitosis
title_short Working on Genomic Stability: From the S-Phase to Mitosis
title_sort working on genomic stability: from the s-phase to mitosis
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7074175/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32093406
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11020225
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