Effect of Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Pain Intensity, Functional Efficiency, and Postural Control Parameters in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Low back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of disability worldwide, placing a significant economic burden on healthcare systems. Radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) is useful in the rehabilitation of orthopedic diseases; however, there is still limited evidence for patients with LBP. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of rESWT on pain level, functional efficiency, and parameters of postural control in patients with LBP. Participants were randomized into group A (n = 20) treated with rESWT and group B (n = 20) treated with sham rESWT (placebo). Both groups received conventional physiotherapy, including core stability exercises. The following tests were performed: the Laitinen Pain Scale (LPS), the Roland–Morris Questionnaire (RMQ), the original Schober Test (OST), and a stabilometric platform for the assessment of postural sway, including total sway path (TSP). We found that the analgesic effect was higher after rESWT, especially in the follow-up’s (p < 0.05). Similar results were found for functional efficiency and range of motion (p < 0.05). The improved posture stability in placebo group B was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The stabilometric parameters in group A were still gradually improved and statistically significant, even in follow-ups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the rESWT had a significant effect on the reduction of pain and the improvement of functional condition compared to a conventional physiotherapy program. Also, rESWT with core stability exercises led to significant improvements in postural sway compared with conventional physiotherapy in patients with LBP.