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Environmental Factors That Contribute to the Maintenance of Cryptococcus neoformans Pathogenesis
The ability of microorganisms to colonise and display an intracellular lifestyle within a host body increases their fitness to survive and avoid extinction. This host–pathogen association drives microbial evolution, as such organisms are under selective pressure and can become more pathogenic. Some...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7074686/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32012843 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8020180 |
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author | Maliehe, Maphori Ntoi, Mathope A. Lahiri, Shayanki Folorunso, Olufemi S. Ogundeji, Adepemi O. Pohl, Carolina H. Sebolai, Olihile M. |
author_facet | Maliehe, Maphori Ntoi, Mathope A. Lahiri, Shayanki Folorunso, Olufemi S. Ogundeji, Adepemi O. Pohl, Carolina H. Sebolai, Olihile M. |
author_sort | Maliehe, Maphori |
collection | PubMed |
description | The ability of microorganisms to colonise and display an intracellular lifestyle within a host body increases their fitness to survive and avoid extinction. This host–pathogen association drives microbial evolution, as such organisms are under selective pressure and can become more pathogenic. Some of these microorganisms can quickly spread through the environment via transmission. The non-transmittable fungal pathogens, such as Cryptococcus, probably return into the environment upon decomposition of the infected host. This review analyses whether re-entry of the pathogen into the environment causes restoration of its non-pathogenic state or whether environmental factors and parameters assist them in maintaining pathogenesis. Cryptococcus (C.) neoformans is therefore used as a model organism to evaluate the impact of environmental stress factors that aid the survival and pathogenesis of C. neoformans intracellularly and extracellularly. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7074686 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70746862020-03-20 Environmental Factors That Contribute to the Maintenance of Cryptococcus neoformans Pathogenesis Maliehe, Maphori Ntoi, Mathope A. Lahiri, Shayanki Folorunso, Olufemi S. Ogundeji, Adepemi O. Pohl, Carolina H. Sebolai, Olihile M. Microorganisms Review The ability of microorganisms to colonise and display an intracellular lifestyle within a host body increases their fitness to survive and avoid extinction. This host–pathogen association drives microbial evolution, as such organisms are under selective pressure and can become more pathogenic. Some of these microorganisms can quickly spread through the environment via transmission. The non-transmittable fungal pathogens, such as Cryptococcus, probably return into the environment upon decomposition of the infected host. This review analyses whether re-entry of the pathogen into the environment causes restoration of its non-pathogenic state or whether environmental factors and parameters assist them in maintaining pathogenesis. Cryptococcus (C.) neoformans is therefore used as a model organism to evaluate the impact of environmental stress factors that aid the survival and pathogenesis of C. neoformans intracellularly and extracellularly. MDPI 2020-01-28 /pmc/articles/PMC7074686/ /pubmed/32012843 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8020180 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Maliehe, Maphori Ntoi, Mathope A. Lahiri, Shayanki Folorunso, Olufemi S. Ogundeji, Adepemi O. Pohl, Carolina H. Sebolai, Olihile M. Environmental Factors That Contribute to the Maintenance of Cryptococcus neoformans Pathogenesis |
title | Environmental Factors That Contribute to the Maintenance of Cryptococcus neoformans Pathogenesis |
title_full | Environmental Factors That Contribute to the Maintenance of Cryptococcus neoformans Pathogenesis |
title_fullStr | Environmental Factors That Contribute to the Maintenance of Cryptococcus neoformans Pathogenesis |
title_full_unstemmed | Environmental Factors That Contribute to the Maintenance of Cryptococcus neoformans Pathogenesis |
title_short | Environmental Factors That Contribute to the Maintenance of Cryptococcus neoformans Pathogenesis |
title_sort | environmental factors that contribute to the maintenance of cryptococcus neoformans pathogenesis |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7074686/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32012843 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8020180 |
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