Tuberculosis and Tumor Lysis Syndrome—Coincidence or Coexistent: A Case Report

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) involving bone marrow can present with various manifestations, including pancytopenia, maturation arrest, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), or infiltration of the bone marrow by caseating or noncaseating granulomas causing reversible or irreversible fibrosis. Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an oncologic emergency resulting from massive tumor cell lysis. Children with TB with bone marrow involvement may also present with laboratory features of TLS resulting from high catabolism and concomitant acute kidney injury (AKI), making the diagnosis difficult at times. We present a case of disseminated TB who presented to emergency with pancytopenia, AKI, and laboratory features of TLS. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Swami V, Lalitha AV, TK Anjan kumar. Tuberculosis and Tumor Lysis Syndrome—Coincidence or Coexistent: A Case Report. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(2):145–147.