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Macrophomina Crown and Root Rot of Pistachio in California

In this study, declining pistachio rootstocks were detected in newly planted commercial pistachio orchards in Kern County, California. Symptoms were characterized by wilted foliage combined with crown rot in the rootstock. From diseased trees, 42 isolates were obtained, and all had similar cultural...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Nouri, Mohamed T., Lawrence, Daniel P., Kallsen, Craig E., Trouillas, Florent P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7076687/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31973206
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9020134
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author Nouri, Mohamed T.
Lawrence, Daniel P.
Kallsen, Craig E.
Trouillas, Florent P.
author_facet Nouri, Mohamed T.
Lawrence, Daniel P.
Kallsen, Craig E.
Trouillas, Florent P.
author_sort Nouri, Mohamed T.
collection PubMed
description In this study, declining pistachio rootstocks were detected in newly planted commercial pistachio orchards in Kern County, California. Symptoms were characterized by wilted foliage combined with crown rot in the rootstock. From diseased trees, 42 isolates were obtained, and all had similar cultural and morphological characteristics of Macrophomina phaseolina. Analyses of nucleotide sequences of three gene fragments, the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1–5.8S–ITS2), partial sequences of β-tubulin, and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) confirmed this identification, and 20 representative isolates are presented in the phylogenetic study. Testing of Koch’s postulates showed that M. phaseolina, when inoculated to stems and roots of the pistachio rootstocks using mycelial plugs or a microsclerotial suspension, is indeed pathogenic to this host. The widely used clonal University of California Berkeley I (UCBI) rootstock appeared highly susceptible to M. phaseolina, suggesting that this pathogen is an emerging threat to the production of pistachio in California. This study confirmed the association of M. phaseolina with the decline of pistachio trees and represents the first description of this fungus as a crown rot-causing agent of pistachio in California.
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spelling pubmed-70766872020-03-20 Macrophomina Crown and Root Rot of Pistachio in California Nouri, Mohamed T. Lawrence, Daniel P. Kallsen, Craig E. Trouillas, Florent P. Plants (Basel) Article In this study, declining pistachio rootstocks were detected in newly planted commercial pistachio orchards in Kern County, California. Symptoms were characterized by wilted foliage combined with crown rot in the rootstock. From diseased trees, 42 isolates were obtained, and all had similar cultural and morphological characteristics of Macrophomina phaseolina. Analyses of nucleotide sequences of three gene fragments, the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1–5.8S–ITS2), partial sequences of β-tubulin, and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) confirmed this identification, and 20 representative isolates are presented in the phylogenetic study. Testing of Koch’s postulates showed that M. phaseolina, when inoculated to stems and roots of the pistachio rootstocks using mycelial plugs or a microsclerotial suspension, is indeed pathogenic to this host. The widely used clonal University of California Berkeley I (UCBI) rootstock appeared highly susceptible to M. phaseolina, suggesting that this pathogen is an emerging threat to the production of pistachio in California. This study confirmed the association of M. phaseolina with the decline of pistachio trees and represents the first description of this fungus as a crown rot-causing agent of pistachio in California. MDPI 2020-01-21 /pmc/articles/PMC7076687/ /pubmed/31973206 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9020134 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Nouri, Mohamed T.
Lawrence, Daniel P.
Kallsen, Craig E.
Trouillas, Florent P.
Macrophomina Crown and Root Rot of Pistachio in California
title Macrophomina Crown and Root Rot of Pistachio in California
title_full Macrophomina Crown and Root Rot of Pistachio in California
title_fullStr Macrophomina Crown and Root Rot of Pistachio in California
title_full_unstemmed Macrophomina Crown and Root Rot of Pistachio in California
title_short Macrophomina Crown and Root Rot of Pistachio in California
title_sort macrophomina crown and root rot of pistachio in california
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7076687/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31973206
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9020134
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