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Hepatoprotective effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid-enriched fermented Hovenia dulcis extract on ethanol-induced liver injury in mice
BACKGROUND: Various extracts of Hovenia dulcis have been commonly used in Asia for cases of alcohol-related disorders. Fermentation is reported to enhance the level and biological activities of various bio-constituents of plant extracts. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the effects o...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7076742/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32143613 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-020-2866-0 |
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author | Park, Na-Hye Lee, Seung-Jin Mechesso, Abraham Fikru Boby, Naila Yixian, Quah Yoon, Woong-Kyu Lee, Sam-Pin Lee, Jong-Suk Park, Seung-Chun |
author_facet | Park, Na-Hye Lee, Seung-Jin Mechesso, Abraham Fikru Boby, Naila Yixian, Quah Yoon, Woong-Kyu Lee, Sam-Pin Lee, Jong-Suk Park, Seung-Chun |
author_sort | Park, Na-Hye |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Various extracts of Hovenia dulcis have been commonly used in Asia for cases of alcohol-related disorders. Fermentation is reported to enhance the level and biological activities of various bio-constituents of plant extracts. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of fermented H. dulcis extract (FHDE) on ethanol-induced liver injury in mice. METHODS: FHDE was prepared using Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum. The effects of FHDE on ethanol-induced liver injury were evaluated in C57BL/6 N CrSlc mice. A mixed feed preparation containing the fermented extract with and without ethanol was given to mice for 29 days, according to its group. At the end of the experiment, blood and liver samples were collected from all mice in the group. Plasma biochemical analysis and histopathological investigation were performed to evaluate the impacts of treatment on the biomarkers of hepatic damage and inflammatory changes. Besides, the expression of genes that regulate the activities of enzymes associated with alcohol metabolism, antioxidant activity, and fatty acid oxidation was assessed using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, the amino acid contents and the active ingredients of the extract were evaluated before and after fermentation. RESULTS: Fermentation resulted in a marked increase and decrease in the amount of Gamma-Amino-n-butyric acid (GABA) and glutamic acid, respectively. FHDE enhanced the body weight gain of mice compared to ethanol. Besides, plasma levels of triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in the FHDE-treated groups relative to the ethanol-treated control. FHDE upregulated the expression of genes associated with enzymes involved in alcohol dehydrogenation (Adh1 and Aldh2), antioxidant activity (SOD and CAT), and fatty acid oxidation (PPAR-α and PGC-1α). However, the expressions of Cytochrome peroxidase Cyp(2)E(1) and genes related to lipogenesis (SREBP-1c, FAS, SCD-1, and ACC) were significantly (P < 0.05) downregulated following treatment with the FHDE. Histopathological investigation demonstrated a slight degree of inflammatory cell infiltration and occasional fatty changes in the FHDE-treated groups. CONCLUSION: The GABA-enriched fermented H. dulcis extract prevented ethanol-induced hepatic damage by enhancing the antioxidant defense system, fatty acid oxidation, and reducing lipogenesis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7076742 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70767422020-03-19 Hepatoprotective effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid-enriched fermented Hovenia dulcis extract on ethanol-induced liver injury in mice Park, Na-Hye Lee, Seung-Jin Mechesso, Abraham Fikru Boby, Naila Yixian, Quah Yoon, Woong-Kyu Lee, Sam-Pin Lee, Jong-Suk Park, Seung-Chun BMC Complement Med Ther Research Article BACKGROUND: Various extracts of Hovenia dulcis have been commonly used in Asia for cases of alcohol-related disorders. Fermentation is reported to enhance the level and biological activities of various bio-constituents of plant extracts. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of fermented H. dulcis extract (FHDE) on ethanol-induced liver injury in mice. METHODS: FHDE was prepared using Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum. The effects of FHDE on ethanol-induced liver injury were evaluated in C57BL/6 N CrSlc mice. A mixed feed preparation containing the fermented extract with and without ethanol was given to mice for 29 days, according to its group. At the end of the experiment, blood and liver samples were collected from all mice in the group. Plasma biochemical analysis and histopathological investigation were performed to evaluate the impacts of treatment on the biomarkers of hepatic damage and inflammatory changes. Besides, the expression of genes that regulate the activities of enzymes associated with alcohol metabolism, antioxidant activity, and fatty acid oxidation was assessed using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, the amino acid contents and the active ingredients of the extract were evaluated before and after fermentation. RESULTS: Fermentation resulted in a marked increase and decrease in the amount of Gamma-Amino-n-butyric acid (GABA) and glutamic acid, respectively. FHDE enhanced the body weight gain of mice compared to ethanol. Besides, plasma levels of triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in the FHDE-treated groups relative to the ethanol-treated control. FHDE upregulated the expression of genes associated with enzymes involved in alcohol dehydrogenation (Adh1 and Aldh2), antioxidant activity (SOD and CAT), and fatty acid oxidation (PPAR-α and PGC-1α). However, the expressions of Cytochrome peroxidase Cyp(2)E(1) and genes related to lipogenesis (SREBP-1c, FAS, SCD-1, and ACC) were significantly (P < 0.05) downregulated following treatment with the FHDE. Histopathological investigation demonstrated a slight degree of inflammatory cell infiltration and occasional fatty changes in the FHDE-treated groups. CONCLUSION: The GABA-enriched fermented H. dulcis extract prevented ethanol-induced hepatic damage by enhancing the antioxidant defense system, fatty acid oxidation, and reducing lipogenesis. BioMed Central 2020-03-06 /pmc/articles/PMC7076742/ /pubmed/32143613 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-020-2866-0 Text en © The Author(s). 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Park, Na-Hye Lee, Seung-Jin Mechesso, Abraham Fikru Boby, Naila Yixian, Quah Yoon, Woong-Kyu Lee, Sam-Pin Lee, Jong-Suk Park, Seung-Chun Hepatoprotective effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid-enriched fermented Hovenia dulcis extract on ethanol-induced liver injury in mice |
title | Hepatoprotective effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid-enriched fermented Hovenia dulcis extract on ethanol-induced liver injury in mice |
title_full | Hepatoprotective effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid-enriched fermented Hovenia dulcis extract on ethanol-induced liver injury in mice |
title_fullStr | Hepatoprotective effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid-enriched fermented Hovenia dulcis extract on ethanol-induced liver injury in mice |
title_full_unstemmed | Hepatoprotective effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid-enriched fermented Hovenia dulcis extract on ethanol-induced liver injury in mice |
title_short | Hepatoprotective effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid-enriched fermented Hovenia dulcis extract on ethanol-induced liver injury in mice |
title_sort | hepatoprotective effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid-enriched fermented hovenia dulcis extract on ethanol-induced liver injury in mice |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7076742/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32143613 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-020-2866-0 |
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