Performance of (68)Ga-DOTA-SST PET/CT, octreoscan SPECT/CT and (18)F-FDG PET/CT in the detection of culprit tumors causing osteomalacia: a meta-analysis

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess and compare the performance of (68)Ga-DOTA-conjugated-somatostatin-receptor-targeting-peptides ((68)Ga-DOTA-SST) PET/CT, octreoscan-SPECT/CT and (18)F-FDG-PET/CT in the detection of tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO). METHODS: Relevant studies reporting the performance (68)Ga-DOTA-SST PET/CT, octreoscan-SPECT/CT and (18)F-FDG-PET/CT in TIO were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science (last updated June 2019). Two authors independently extracted the numbers of true and false positives, and true and false negatives. The pooled estimates on a per-patient basis were calculated with 95% confidence interval (CI) obtained using a random-effects model. RESULTS: Fourteen studies comprising 346 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis provided the following results on a per-patient analysis. The pooled sensitivities of both (68)Ga-DOTA-SST PET/CT (90%, 95% CI 82–95%) and octreoscan-SPECT/CT (83%, 95% CI 75–89%) were found to be significantly higher (P < 0.005) than that of (18)F-FDG PET/CT (67%, 95% CI 53–80%). There was no statistically significant difference between the sensitivity of (68)Ga-DOTA-SST PET/CT and octreoscan-SPECT/CT (P = 0.161). Owing to the low number of articles with true negative findings, the pooled specificities were not calculated. A total of 287 tumors were identified in 287 patients according to the data the included studies offered. The majority of the tumors were located in the lower extremities (59.6%, 171/287), followed by craniofacial regions (24.0%, 69/287), torso (9.4%%, 27/287), and upper extremities (6.9%, 20/287). CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis demonstrates that somatostatin receptor-based imaging modalities outperformed (18)F-FDG PET/CT in the detection of TIO, with (68)Ga-DOTA-SST PET/CT performing slightly better than octreoscan-SPECT/CT.