Cargando…
When Do those “Risk-Taking Adolescents” Take Risks? The Combined Effects of Risk Encouragement by Peers, Mild-to-Borderline Intellectual Disability and Sex
Adolescents with mild to borderline intellectual disability (MBID) show more daily life risk taking than typically developing adolescents. To obtain insight in when these “risk-taking adolescents” especially take risks, we investigated main and interaction effects of (a) MBID, (b) sex, and (c) type...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer US
2020
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7078137/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31953583 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-020-00617-8 |
_version_ | 1783507553364213760 |
---|---|
author | Wagemaker, Eline Huizenga, Hilde M. Dekkers, Tycho J. Collot d’Escury-Koenigs, Annematt L. Salemink, Elske Bexkens, Anika |
author_facet | Wagemaker, Eline Huizenga, Hilde M. Dekkers, Tycho J. Collot d’Escury-Koenigs, Annematt L. Salemink, Elske Bexkens, Anika |
author_sort | Wagemaker, Eline |
collection | PubMed |
description | Adolescents with mild to borderline intellectual disability (MBID) show more daily life risk taking than typically developing adolescents. To obtain insight in when these “risk-taking adolescents” especially take risks, we investigated main and interaction effects of (a) MBID, (b) sex, and (c) type of peer influence on risk taking. The Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) was used as a proxy of real-life risk taking. 356 adolescents (12–19 years, 51.7% MBID, 63.4% boys) were randomly assigned to one of three BART peer-influence conditions: solo (no peers), positive risk encouragement (e.g., ‘You are cool if you continue’) or negative risk encouragement (e.g., ‘You are a softy if you do not continue’). The main finding was that boys with MBID took more risks than typically developing boys in the negative risk encouragement condition. Boys with MBID also took more risks in the negative risk encouragement condition compared to the solo condition, whereas typically developing boys did not. There were no such effects for girls. Surprisingly, boys with MBID took less risks in the solo condition than typically developing boys. We conclude that boys with MBID especially show high risk taking when peers belittle or threat with exclusion from the peer group. Prevention and intervention programs should specifically target boys with MBID to teach them to resist negative risk encouragement by peers. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7078137 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Springer US |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70781372020-03-23 When Do those “Risk-Taking Adolescents” Take Risks? The Combined Effects of Risk Encouragement by Peers, Mild-to-Borderline Intellectual Disability and Sex Wagemaker, Eline Huizenga, Hilde M. Dekkers, Tycho J. Collot d’Escury-Koenigs, Annematt L. Salemink, Elske Bexkens, Anika J Abnorm Child Psychol Article Adolescents with mild to borderline intellectual disability (MBID) show more daily life risk taking than typically developing adolescents. To obtain insight in when these “risk-taking adolescents” especially take risks, we investigated main and interaction effects of (a) MBID, (b) sex, and (c) type of peer influence on risk taking. The Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) was used as a proxy of real-life risk taking. 356 adolescents (12–19 years, 51.7% MBID, 63.4% boys) were randomly assigned to one of three BART peer-influence conditions: solo (no peers), positive risk encouragement (e.g., ‘You are cool if you continue’) or negative risk encouragement (e.g., ‘You are a softy if you do not continue’). The main finding was that boys with MBID took more risks than typically developing boys in the negative risk encouragement condition. Boys with MBID also took more risks in the negative risk encouragement condition compared to the solo condition, whereas typically developing boys did not. There were no such effects for girls. Surprisingly, boys with MBID took less risks in the solo condition than typically developing boys. We conclude that boys with MBID especially show high risk taking when peers belittle or threat with exclusion from the peer group. Prevention and intervention programs should specifically target boys with MBID to teach them to resist negative risk encouragement by peers. Springer US 2020-01-17 2020 /pmc/articles/PMC7078137/ /pubmed/31953583 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-020-00617-8 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Wagemaker, Eline Huizenga, Hilde M. Dekkers, Tycho J. Collot d’Escury-Koenigs, Annematt L. Salemink, Elske Bexkens, Anika When Do those “Risk-Taking Adolescents” Take Risks? The Combined Effects of Risk Encouragement by Peers, Mild-to-Borderline Intellectual Disability and Sex |
title | When Do those “Risk-Taking Adolescents” Take Risks? The Combined Effects of Risk Encouragement by Peers, Mild-to-Borderline Intellectual Disability and Sex |
title_full | When Do those “Risk-Taking Adolescents” Take Risks? The Combined Effects of Risk Encouragement by Peers, Mild-to-Borderline Intellectual Disability and Sex |
title_fullStr | When Do those “Risk-Taking Adolescents” Take Risks? The Combined Effects of Risk Encouragement by Peers, Mild-to-Borderline Intellectual Disability and Sex |
title_full_unstemmed | When Do those “Risk-Taking Adolescents” Take Risks? The Combined Effects of Risk Encouragement by Peers, Mild-to-Borderline Intellectual Disability and Sex |
title_short | When Do those “Risk-Taking Adolescents” Take Risks? The Combined Effects of Risk Encouragement by Peers, Mild-to-Borderline Intellectual Disability and Sex |
title_sort | when do those “risk-taking adolescents” take risks? the combined effects of risk encouragement by peers, mild-to-borderline intellectual disability and sex |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7078137/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31953583 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-020-00617-8 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT wagemakereline whendothoserisktakingadolescentstakerisksthecombinedeffectsofriskencouragementbypeersmildtoborderlineintellectualdisabilityandsex AT huizengahildem whendothoserisktakingadolescentstakerisksthecombinedeffectsofriskencouragementbypeersmildtoborderlineintellectualdisabilityandsex AT dekkerstychoj whendothoserisktakingadolescentstakerisksthecombinedeffectsofriskencouragementbypeersmildtoborderlineintellectualdisabilityandsex AT collotdescurykoenigsannemattl whendothoserisktakingadolescentstakerisksthecombinedeffectsofriskencouragementbypeersmildtoborderlineintellectualdisabilityandsex AT saleminkelske whendothoserisktakingadolescentstakerisksthecombinedeffectsofriskencouragementbypeersmildtoborderlineintellectualdisabilityandsex AT bexkensanika whendothoserisktakingadolescentstakerisksthecombinedeffectsofriskencouragementbypeersmildtoborderlineintellectualdisabilityandsex |