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Evaluation of Short-Term Exposure Levels on Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfide During Manure-Handling Processes at Livestock Farms
BACKGROUND: Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide are harmful gases generated during aerobic/anaerobic bacterial decomposition of livestock manure. We evaluated ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentrations generated from workplaces at livestock farms and determined environmental factors influencing the gas co...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7078563/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32206381 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2019.12.007 |
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author | Park, Jihoon Kang, Taesun Heo, Yong Lee, Kiyoung Kim, Kyungran Lee, Kyungsuk Yoon, Chungsik |
author_facet | Park, Jihoon Kang, Taesun Heo, Yong Lee, Kiyoung Kim, Kyungran Lee, Kyungsuk Yoon, Chungsik |
author_sort | Park, Jihoon |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide are harmful gases generated during aerobic/anaerobic bacterial decomposition of livestock manure. We evaluated ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentrations generated from workplaces at livestock farms and determined environmental factors influencing the gas concentrations. METHODS: Five commercial swine farms and five poultry farms were selected for monitoring. Real-time monitors were used to measure the ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentrations and environmental conditions during the manure-handling processes. Monitoring was conducted in the manure storage facility and composting facility. Information on the farm conditions was also collected through interview and walk-through survey. RESULTS: The ammonia concentrations were significantly higher at the swine composting facilities (9.5–43.2 ppm) than at other manure-handling facilities at the swine and poultry farms, and high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide were identified during the manure agitation and mixing process at the swine manure storage facilities (6.9–19.5 ppm). At the poultry manure-handling facilities, the ammonia concentration was higher during the manure-handling processes (2.6–57.9 ppm), and very low hydrogen sulfide concentrations (0–3.4 ppm) were detected. The air temperature and relative humidity, volume of the facility, duration of manure storage, and the number of animals influenced the gas concentrations. CONCLUSION: A high level of hazardous gases was generated during manure handling, and some levels increased up to risk levels that can threaten workers' health and safety. Some of the farm operational factors were also found to influence the gas levels. By controlling and improving these factors, it would be possible to protect workers' safety and health from occupational risks. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7078563 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70785632020-03-23 Evaluation of Short-Term Exposure Levels on Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfide During Manure-Handling Processes at Livestock Farms Park, Jihoon Kang, Taesun Heo, Yong Lee, Kiyoung Kim, Kyungran Lee, Kyungsuk Yoon, Chungsik Saf Health Work Original Article BACKGROUND: Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide are harmful gases generated during aerobic/anaerobic bacterial decomposition of livestock manure. We evaluated ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentrations generated from workplaces at livestock farms and determined environmental factors influencing the gas concentrations. METHODS: Five commercial swine farms and five poultry farms were selected for monitoring. Real-time monitors were used to measure the ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentrations and environmental conditions during the manure-handling processes. Monitoring was conducted in the manure storage facility and composting facility. Information on the farm conditions was also collected through interview and walk-through survey. RESULTS: The ammonia concentrations were significantly higher at the swine composting facilities (9.5–43.2 ppm) than at other manure-handling facilities at the swine and poultry farms, and high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide were identified during the manure agitation and mixing process at the swine manure storage facilities (6.9–19.5 ppm). At the poultry manure-handling facilities, the ammonia concentration was higher during the manure-handling processes (2.6–57.9 ppm), and very low hydrogen sulfide concentrations (0–3.4 ppm) were detected. The air temperature and relative humidity, volume of the facility, duration of manure storage, and the number of animals influenced the gas concentrations. CONCLUSION: A high level of hazardous gases was generated during manure handling, and some levels increased up to risk levels that can threaten workers' health and safety. Some of the farm operational factors were also found to influence the gas levels. By controlling and improving these factors, it would be possible to protect workers' safety and health from occupational risks. Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2020-03 2019-12-31 /pmc/articles/PMC7078563/ /pubmed/32206381 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2019.12.007 Text en © 2019 The Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Original Article Park, Jihoon Kang, Taesun Heo, Yong Lee, Kiyoung Kim, Kyungran Lee, Kyungsuk Yoon, Chungsik Evaluation of Short-Term Exposure Levels on Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfide During Manure-Handling Processes at Livestock Farms |
title | Evaluation of Short-Term Exposure Levels on Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfide During Manure-Handling Processes at Livestock Farms |
title_full | Evaluation of Short-Term Exposure Levels on Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfide During Manure-Handling Processes at Livestock Farms |
title_fullStr | Evaluation of Short-Term Exposure Levels on Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfide During Manure-Handling Processes at Livestock Farms |
title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Short-Term Exposure Levels on Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfide During Manure-Handling Processes at Livestock Farms |
title_short | Evaluation of Short-Term Exposure Levels on Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfide During Manure-Handling Processes at Livestock Farms |
title_sort | evaluation of short-term exposure levels on ammonia and hydrogen sulfide during manure-handling processes at livestock farms |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7078563/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32206381 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2019.12.007 |
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