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Role of early life immune regulation in asthma development
Development of childhood asthma is complex with a strong interaction of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Ultimately, it is critical how the immune system of a child responds to these influences and whether effective strategies for a balanced and healthy immune maturation can be assure...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7079989/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31873782 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00281-019-00774-z |
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author | Krusche, Johanna Basse, Sarah Schaub, Bianca |
author_facet | Krusche, Johanna Basse, Sarah Schaub, Bianca |
author_sort | Krusche, Johanna |
collection | PubMed |
description | Development of childhood asthma is complex with a strong interaction of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Ultimately, it is critical how the immune system of a child responds to these influences and whether effective strategies for a balanced and healthy immune maturation can be assured. Pregnancy and early childhood are particularly susceptible for exogenous influences due to the developing nature of a child’s immune system. While endogenous influences such as family history and the genetic background are immutable, epigenetic regulations can be modulated by both heredity and environmental exposures. Prenatal influences such as a mother’s nutrition, smoking, or infections influence the complex interplay of innate and adaptive immune regulation as well as peri- and postnatal influences including mode of delivery. Early in life, induction and continuous training of healthy maturation include balanced innate immunity (e.g., via innate lymphoid cells) and an equilibrium of T-cell subpopulations (e.g., via regulatory T cells) to counter-regulate potential pro-inflammatory or exuberant immune reactions. Later in childhood, rather compensatory immune mechanisms are required to modulate deviant regulation of a child’s already primed immune trajectory. The specific effects of exogenous and endogenous influences on a child’s maturing immune system are summarized in this review, and its importance and potential intervention for early prevention and treatment strategies are delineated. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7079989 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70799892020-03-23 Role of early life immune regulation in asthma development Krusche, Johanna Basse, Sarah Schaub, Bianca Semin Immunopathol Review Development of childhood asthma is complex with a strong interaction of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Ultimately, it is critical how the immune system of a child responds to these influences and whether effective strategies for a balanced and healthy immune maturation can be assured. Pregnancy and early childhood are particularly susceptible for exogenous influences due to the developing nature of a child’s immune system. While endogenous influences such as family history and the genetic background are immutable, epigenetic regulations can be modulated by both heredity and environmental exposures. Prenatal influences such as a mother’s nutrition, smoking, or infections influence the complex interplay of innate and adaptive immune regulation as well as peri- and postnatal influences including mode of delivery. Early in life, induction and continuous training of healthy maturation include balanced innate immunity (e.g., via innate lymphoid cells) and an equilibrium of T-cell subpopulations (e.g., via regulatory T cells) to counter-regulate potential pro-inflammatory or exuberant immune reactions. Later in childhood, rather compensatory immune mechanisms are required to modulate deviant regulation of a child’s already primed immune trajectory. The specific effects of exogenous and endogenous influences on a child’s maturing immune system are summarized in this review, and its importance and potential intervention for early prevention and treatment strategies are delineated. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2019-12-23 2020 /pmc/articles/PMC7079989/ /pubmed/31873782 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00281-019-00774-z Text en © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019 This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. |
spellingShingle | Review Krusche, Johanna Basse, Sarah Schaub, Bianca Role of early life immune regulation in asthma development |
title | Role of early life immune regulation in asthma development |
title_full | Role of early life immune regulation in asthma development |
title_fullStr | Role of early life immune regulation in asthma development |
title_full_unstemmed | Role of early life immune regulation in asthma development |
title_short | Role of early life immune regulation in asthma development |
title_sort | role of early life immune regulation in asthma development |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7079989/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31873782 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00281-019-00774-z |
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