Cargando…

The response of soil Olsen-P to the P budgets of three typical cropland soil types under long-term fertilization

The Olsen phosphorus (Olsen-P) concentration of soil is generally a good indicator for estimating the bioavailability of P and environmental risk in soils. To maintain soil Olsen-P at adequate levels for crop growth and environmental sustainability, the relationship between soil Olsen-P and the P bu...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Zhang, Weiwei, Wang, Qiong, Wu, Qihua, Zhang, Shuxiang, Zhu, Ping, Peng, Chang, Huang, Shaomin, Wang, Boren, Zhang, Huimin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7080265/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32187213
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230178
_version_ 1783507990445293568
author Zhang, Weiwei
Wang, Qiong
Wu, Qihua
Zhang, Shuxiang
Zhu, Ping
Peng, Chang
Huang, Shaomin
Wang, Boren
Zhang, Huimin
author_facet Zhang, Weiwei
Wang, Qiong
Wu, Qihua
Zhang, Shuxiang
Zhu, Ping
Peng, Chang
Huang, Shaomin
Wang, Boren
Zhang, Huimin
author_sort Zhang, Weiwei
collection PubMed
description The Olsen phosphorus (Olsen-P) concentration of soil is generally a good indicator for estimating the bioavailability of P and environmental risk in soils. To maintain soil Olsen-P at adequate levels for crop growth and environmental sustainability, the relationship between soil Olsen-P and the P budget (the P input minus the output) as well as the variations of soil Olsen-P and P budget were investigated from three long-term (22 years) experiments in China. Five treatments were selected: (1) unfertilized control (CK); (2) nitrogen and potassium (NK); (3) nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium (NPK); (4) nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and straw; (5) nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and manure. The results showed that without P fertilizers (CK, NK), there was a soil P deficit of 75–640 kg ha(-1), and the lowest P deficit (mean of CK and NK) was in Eutric Cambisol. Soil Olsen-P decreased by 0.11–0.39 mg kg(-1) year(-1) in the order of Luvic Phaeozems > Eutric Cambisol > Calcaric Cambisol. Soil Olsen-P and the P deficit had a significantly (P<0.01) positive linear relationship. For every 100 kg of P ha(–1) of deficit, soil Olsen-P decreased by 0.44–9.19 mg kg(–1) in the order of Eutric Cambisol > Luvic Phaeozems > Calcaric Cambisol. Under the P fertilizer treatments (NPK, NPKS, and NPKM), soil Olsen-P showed an obvious surplus (except the NPK and NPKS in Luvic Phaeozems) of 122–2190 kg ha(-1), and the largest P surplus was found under the NPKM treatment at each site. The relation between soil Olsen-P and the experimental years could be simulated using quadratic equation of one unknown in Calcaric Cambisol for the lower P input after 14 years of fertilization. And soil Olsen-P increased by 1.30–7.69 mg kg(-1) year(-1) in the order of Luvic Phaeozems > Eutric Cambisol. The relation between soil Olsen-P and the P surplus could be simulated by a simple linear equation except under NPK and NPKS in Luvic Phaeozems. With 100 kg ha(-1) P surplus, soil Olsen-P increased by 3.24–7.27 mg kg(-1) in the order of Calcaric Cambisol (6.42 mg kg(-1)) > Eutric Cambisol (3.24 mg kg(-1)). In addition, the change in soil Olsen-P with a 100 kg P ha(-1) surplus (soil Olsen-P efficiency) was affected by the soil organic matter (SOM), pH, and CaCO(3) content, etc. In the practice of fertilization, it’s not necessary to increase the amount of P fertilizers, farmers should take measure to solve the local problem, for adjust the soil pH of Eutric Cambisol and Calcaric Cambisol, and apply more nitrogen in Luvic Phaeozems. In the area of serious soil P surplus, it is encouraged to stop applying P fertilizers for a few years to take advantage of soil accumulated P and make the high Olsen-P content decrease to a reasonable level.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7080265
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2020
publisher Public Library of Science
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-70802652020-03-24 The response of soil Olsen-P to the P budgets of three typical cropland soil types under long-term fertilization Zhang, Weiwei Wang, Qiong Wu, Qihua Zhang, Shuxiang Zhu, Ping Peng, Chang Huang, Shaomin Wang, Boren Zhang, Huimin PLoS One Research Article The Olsen phosphorus (Olsen-P) concentration of soil is generally a good indicator for estimating the bioavailability of P and environmental risk in soils. To maintain soil Olsen-P at adequate levels for crop growth and environmental sustainability, the relationship between soil Olsen-P and the P budget (the P input minus the output) as well as the variations of soil Olsen-P and P budget were investigated from three long-term (22 years) experiments in China. Five treatments were selected: (1) unfertilized control (CK); (2) nitrogen and potassium (NK); (3) nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium (NPK); (4) nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and straw; (5) nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and manure. The results showed that without P fertilizers (CK, NK), there was a soil P deficit of 75–640 kg ha(-1), and the lowest P deficit (mean of CK and NK) was in Eutric Cambisol. Soil Olsen-P decreased by 0.11–0.39 mg kg(-1) year(-1) in the order of Luvic Phaeozems > Eutric Cambisol > Calcaric Cambisol. Soil Olsen-P and the P deficit had a significantly (P<0.01) positive linear relationship. For every 100 kg of P ha(–1) of deficit, soil Olsen-P decreased by 0.44–9.19 mg kg(–1) in the order of Eutric Cambisol > Luvic Phaeozems > Calcaric Cambisol. Under the P fertilizer treatments (NPK, NPKS, and NPKM), soil Olsen-P showed an obvious surplus (except the NPK and NPKS in Luvic Phaeozems) of 122–2190 kg ha(-1), and the largest P surplus was found under the NPKM treatment at each site. The relation between soil Olsen-P and the experimental years could be simulated using quadratic equation of one unknown in Calcaric Cambisol for the lower P input after 14 years of fertilization. And soil Olsen-P increased by 1.30–7.69 mg kg(-1) year(-1) in the order of Luvic Phaeozems > Eutric Cambisol. The relation between soil Olsen-P and the P surplus could be simulated by a simple linear equation except under NPK and NPKS in Luvic Phaeozems. With 100 kg ha(-1) P surplus, soil Olsen-P increased by 3.24–7.27 mg kg(-1) in the order of Calcaric Cambisol (6.42 mg kg(-1)) > Eutric Cambisol (3.24 mg kg(-1)). In addition, the change in soil Olsen-P with a 100 kg P ha(-1) surplus (soil Olsen-P efficiency) was affected by the soil organic matter (SOM), pH, and CaCO(3) content, etc. In the practice of fertilization, it’s not necessary to increase the amount of P fertilizers, farmers should take measure to solve the local problem, for adjust the soil pH of Eutric Cambisol and Calcaric Cambisol, and apply more nitrogen in Luvic Phaeozems. In the area of serious soil P surplus, it is encouraged to stop applying P fertilizers for a few years to take advantage of soil accumulated P and make the high Olsen-P content decrease to a reasonable level. Public Library of Science 2020-03-18 /pmc/articles/PMC7080265/ /pubmed/32187213 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230178 Text en © 2020 Zhang et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Zhang, Weiwei
Wang, Qiong
Wu, Qihua
Zhang, Shuxiang
Zhu, Ping
Peng, Chang
Huang, Shaomin
Wang, Boren
Zhang, Huimin
The response of soil Olsen-P to the P budgets of three typical cropland soil types under long-term fertilization
title The response of soil Olsen-P to the P budgets of three typical cropland soil types under long-term fertilization
title_full The response of soil Olsen-P to the P budgets of three typical cropland soil types under long-term fertilization
title_fullStr The response of soil Olsen-P to the P budgets of three typical cropland soil types under long-term fertilization
title_full_unstemmed The response of soil Olsen-P to the P budgets of three typical cropland soil types under long-term fertilization
title_short The response of soil Olsen-P to the P budgets of three typical cropland soil types under long-term fertilization
title_sort response of soil olsen-p to the p budgets of three typical cropland soil types under long-term fertilization
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7080265/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32187213
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230178
work_keys_str_mv AT zhangweiwei theresponseofsoilolsenptothepbudgetsofthreetypicalcroplandsoiltypesunderlongtermfertilization
AT wangqiong theresponseofsoilolsenptothepbudgetsofthreetypicalcroplandsoiltypesunderlongtermfertilization
AT wuqihua theresponseofsoilolsenptothepbudgetsofthreetypicalcroplandsoiltypesunderlongtermfertilization
AT zhangshuxiang theresponseofsoilolsenptothepbudgetsofthreetypicalcroplandsoiltypesunderlongtermfertilization
AT zhuping theresponseofsoilolsenptothepbudgetsofthreetypicalcroplandsoiltypesunderlongtermfertilization
AT pengchang theresponseofsoilolsenptothepbudgetsofthreetypicalcroplandsoiltypesunderlongtermfertilization
AT huangshaomin theresponseofsoilolsenptothepbudgetsofthreetypicalcroplandsoiltypesunderlongtermfertilization
AT wangboren theresponseofsoilolsenptothepbudgetsofthreetypicalcroplandsoiltypesunderlongtermfertilization
AT zhanghuimin theresponseofsoilolsenptothepbudgetsofthreetypicalcroplandsoiltypesunderlongtermfertilization
AT zhangweiwei responseofsoilolsenptothepbudgetsofthreetypicalcroplandsoiltypesunderlongtermfertilization
AT wangqiong responseofsoilolsenptothepbudgetsofthreetypicalcroplandsoiltypesunderlongtermfertilization
AT wuqihua responseofsoilolsenptothepbudgetsofthreetypicalcroplandsoiltypesunderlongtermfertilization
AT zhangshuxiang responseofsoilolsenptothepbudgetsofthreetypicalcroplandsoiltypesunderlongtermfertilization
AT zhuping responseofsoilolsenptothepbudgetsofthreetypicalcroplandsoiltypesunderlongtermfertilization
AT pengchang responseofsoilolsenptothepbudgetsofthreetypicalcroplandsoiltypesunderlongtermfertilization
AT huangshaomin responseofsoilolsenptothepbudgetsofthreetypicalcroplandsoiltypesunderlongtermfertilization
AT wangboren responseofsoilolsenptothepbudgetsofthreetypicalcroplandsoiltypesunderlongtermfertilization
AT zhanghuimin responseofsoilolsenptothepbudgetsofthreetypicalcroplandsoiltypesunderlongtermfertilization