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Storage procedures and time influence the detectability of Clostridium difficile toxin A but not toxin B in porcine fecal specimens

Storage procedures are known to affect the detectability of Clostridium difficile toxins in equine and human feces. We assessed the impact of different storage conditions on the detectability of C. difficile toxins in swine feces. Specimens were inoculated with toxins, 112 ng/g of toxin A (TcdA) and...

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Autores principales: Grześkowiak, Łukasz, Riedmüller, Jonathan, Vahjen, Wilfried, Zentek, Jürgen
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SAGE Publications 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7081514/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31328697
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638719864383
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author Grześkowiak, Łukasz
Riedmüller, Jonathan
Vahjen, Wilfried
Zentek, Jürgen
author_facet Grześkowiak, Łukasz
Riedmüller, Jonathan
Vahjen, Wilfried
Zentek, Jürgen
author_sort Grześkowiak, Łukasz
collection PubMed
description Storage procedures are known to affect the detectability of Clostridium difficile toxins in equine and human feces. We assessed the impact of different storage conditions on the detectability of C. difficile toxins in swine feces. Specimens were inoculated with toxins, 112 ng/g of toxin A (TcdA) and 16 ng/g of toxin B (TcdB) and subjected to the following 3 storage treatments: 4°C, −30°C, repetitive freezing at −30°C and thawing. Toxin determination was assessed at 1, 2, 7, 14, and 21 d with ELISA. A decrease in concentrations of TcdA with time was observed for samples stored at 4°C and repetitive freezing–thawing (p ≤0.05). On day 14, storage at 4°C resulted in decreased TcdA concentration as opposed to storage at −30°C and repetitive freezing–thawing (p ≤0.05). On day 21, storage at 4°C resulted in decreased TcdA detectability compared with storage at −30°C (p ≤0.05). The TcdB concentration was unaffected. These results on toxin detectability in swine feces should be carefully considered in in vitro studies on toxigenic C. difficile. Our results also offer valuable information for microbiologists and veterinarians monitoring the presence of virulent C. difficile in pigs.
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spelling pubmed-70815142020-07-22 Storage procedures and time influence the detectability of Clostridium difficile toxin A but not toxin B in porcine fecal specimens Grześkowiak, Łukasz Riedmüller, Jonathan Vahjen, Wilfried Zentek, Jürgen J Vet Diagn Invest Focus Issue Storage procedures are known to affect the detectability of Clostridium difficile toxins in equine and human feces. We assessed the impact of different storage conditions on the detectability of C. difficile toxins in swine feces. Specimens were inoculated with toxins, 112 ng/g of toxin A (TcdA) and 16 ng/g of toxin B (TcdB) and subjected to the following 3 storage treatments: 4°C, −30°C, repetitive freezing at −30°C and thawing. Toxin determination was assessed at 1, 2, 7, 14, and 21 d with ELISA. A decrease in concentrations of TcdA with time was observed for samples stored at 4°C and repetitive freezing–thawing (p ≤0.05). On day 14, storage at 4°C resulted in decreased TcdA concentration as opposed to storage at −30°C and repetitive freezing–thawing (p ≤0.05). On day 21, storage at 4°C resulted in decreased TcdA detectability compared with storage at −30°C (p ≤0.05). The TcdB concentration was unaffected. These results on toxin detectability in swine feces should be carefully considered in in vitro studies on toxigenic C. difficile. Our results also offer valuable information for microbiologists and veterinarians monitoring the presence of virulent C. difficile in pigs. SAGE Publications 2019-07-22 2020-03 /pmc/articles/PMC7081514/ /pubmed/31328697 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638719864383 Text en © 2019 The Author(s) http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
spellingShingle Focus Issue
Grześkowiak, Łukasz
Riedmüller, Jonathan
Vahjen, Wilfried
Zentek, Jürgen
Storage procedures and time influence the detectability of Clostridium difficile toxin A but not toxin B in porcine fecal specimens
title Storage procedures and time influence the detectability of Clostridium difficile toxin A but not toxin B in porcine fecal specimens
title_full Storage procedures and time influence the detectability of Clostridium difficile toxin A but not toxin B in porcine fecal specimens
title_fullStr Storage procedures and time influence the detectability of Clostridium difficile toxin A but not toxin B in porcine fecal specimens
title_full_unstemmed Storage procedures and time influence the detectability of Clostridium difficile toxin A but not toxin B in porcine fecal specimens
title_short Storage procedures and time influence the detectability of Clostridium difficile toxin A but not toxin B in porcine fecal specimens
title_sort storage procedures and time influence the detectability of clostridium difficile toxin a but not toxin b in porcine fecal specimens
topic Focus Issue
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7081514/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31328697
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638719864383
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