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Storage procedures and time influence the detectability of Clostridium difficile toxin A but not toxin B in porcine fecal specimens
Storage procedures are known to affect the detectability of Clostridium difficile toxins in equine and human feces. We assessed the impact of different storage conditions on the detectability of C. difficile toxins in swine feces. Specimens were inoculated with toxins, 112 ng/g of toxin A (TcdA) and...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
SAGE Publications
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7081514/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31328697 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638719864383 |
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author | Grześkowiak, Łukasz Riedmüller, Jonathan Vahjen, Wilfried Zentek, Jürgen |
author_facet | Grześkowiak, Łukasz Riedmüller, Jonathan Vahjen, Wilfried Zentek, Jürgen |
author_sort | Grześkowiak, Łukasz |
collection | PubMed |
description | Storage procedures are known to affect the detectability of Clostridium difficile toxins in equine and human feces. We assessed the impact of different storage conditions on the detectability of C. difficile toxins in swine feces. Specimens were inoculated with toxins, 112 ng/g of toxin A (TcdA) and 16 ng/g of toxin B (TcdB) and subjected to the following 3 storage treatments: 4°C, −30°C, repetitive freezing at −30°C and thawing. Toxin determination was assessed at 1, 2, 7, 14, and 21 d with ELISA. A decrease in concentrations of TcdA with time was observed for samples stored at 4°C and repetitive freezing–thawing (p ≤0.05). On day 14, storage at 4°C resulted in decreased TcdA concentration as opposed to storage at −30°C and repetitive freezing–thawing (p ≤0.05). On day 21, storage at 4°C resulted in decreased TcdA detectability compared with storage at −30°C (p ≤0.05). The TcdB concentration was unaffected. These results on toxin detectability in swine feces should be carefully considered in in vitro studies on toxigenic C. difficile. Our results also offer valuable information for microbiologists and veterinarians monitoring the presence of virulent C. difficile in pigs. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7081514 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | SAGE Publications |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70815142020-07-22 Storage procedures and time influence the detectability of Clostridium difficile toxin A but not toxin B in porcine fecal specimens Grześkowiak, Łukasz Riedmüller, Jonathan Vahjen, Wilfried Zentek, Jürgen J Vet Diagn Invest Focus Issue Storage procedures are known to affect the detectability of Clostridium difficile toxins in equine and human feces. We assessed the impact of different storage conditions on the detectability of C. difficile toxins in swine feces. Specimens were inoculated with toxins, 112 ng/g of toxin A (TcdA) and 16 ng/g of toxin B (TcdB) and subjected to the following 3 storage treatments: 4°C, −30°C, repetitive freezing at −30°C and thawing. Toxin determination was assessed at 1, 2, 7, 14, and 21 d with ELISA. A decrease in concentrations of TcdA with time was observed for samples stored at 4°C and repetitive freezing–thawing (p ≤0.05). On day 14, storage at 4°C resulted in decreased TcdA concentration as opposed to storage at −30°C and repetitive freezing–thawing (p ≤0.05). On day 21, storage at 4°C resulted in decreased TcdA detectability compared with storage at −30°C (p ≤0.05). The TcdB concentration was unaffected. These results on toxin detectability in swine feces should be carefully considered in in vitro studies on toxigenic C. difficile. Our results also offer valuable information for microbiologists and veterinarians monitoring the presence of virulent C. difficile in pigs. SAGE Publications 2019-07-22 2020-03 /pmc/articles/PMC7081514/ /pubmed/31328697 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638719864383 Text en © 2019 The Author(s) http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). |
spellingShingle | Focus Issue Grześkowiak, Łukasz Riedmüller, Jonathan Vahjen, Wilfried Zentek, Jürgen Storage procedures and time influence the detectability of Clostridium difficile toxin A but not toxin B in porcine fecal specimens |
title | Storage procedures and time influence the detectability of Clostridium difficile toxin A but not toxin B in porcine fecal specimens |
title_full | Storage procedures and time influence the detectability of Clostridium difficile toxin A but not toxin B in porcine fecal specimens |
title_fullStr | Storage procedures and time influence the detectability of Clostridium difficile toxin A but not toxin B in porcine fecal specimens |
title_full_unstemmed | Storage procedures and time influence the detectability of Clostridium difficile toxin A but not toxin B in porcine fecal specimens |
title_short | Storage procedures and time influence the detectability of Clostridium difficile toxin A but not toxin B in porcine fecal specimens |
title_sort | storage procedures and time influence the detectability of clostridium difficile toxin a but not toxin b in porcine fecal specimens |
topic | Focus Issue |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7081514/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31328697 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638719864383 |
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