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Prospective assessment of malaria infection in a semi-isolated Amazonian indigenous Yanomami community: Transmission heterogeneity and predominance of submicroscopic infection

In the Amazon basin, indigenous forest-dwelling communities typically suffer from a high burden of infectious diseases, including malaria. Difficulties in accessing these isolated ethnic groups, such as the semi-nomadic Yanomami, make official malaria data largely underestimated. In the current stud...

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Autores principales: Robortella, Daniela Rocha, Calvet, Anderson Augusto, Amaral, Lara Cotta, Fantin, Raianna Farhat, Guimarães, Luiz Felipe Ferreira, França Dias, Michelle Hallais, de Brito, Cristiana Ferreira Alves, de Sousa, Tais Nobrega, Herzog, Mariza Maia, Oliveira-Ferreira, Joseli, Carvalho, Luzia Helena
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7081991/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32191777
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230643
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author Robortella, Daniela Rocha
Calvet, Anderson Augusto
Amaral, Lara Cotta
Fantin, Raianna Farhat
Guimarães, Luiz Felipe Ferreira
França Dias, Michelle Hallais
de Brito, Cristiana Ferreira Alves
de Sousa, Tais Nobrega
Herzog, Mariza Maia
Oliveira-Ferreira, Joseli
Carvalho, Luzia Helena
author_facet Robortella, Daniela Rocha
Calvet, Anderson Augusto
Amaral, Lara Cotta
Fantin, Raianna Farhat
Guimarães, Luiz Felipe Ferreira
França Dias, Michelle Hallais
de Brito, Cristiana Ferreira Alves
de Sousa, Tais Nobrega
Herzog, Mariza Maia
Oliveira-Ferreira, Joseli
Carvalho, Luzia Helena
author_sort Robortella, Daniela Rocha
collection PubMed
description In the Amazon basin, indigenous forest-dwelling communities typically suffer from a high burden of infectious diseases, including malaria. Difficulties in accessing these isolated ethnic groups, such as the semi-nomadic Yanomami, make official malaria data largely underestimated. In the current study, we longitudinally surveyed microscopic and submicroscopic malaria infection in four Yanomami villages of the Marari community in the northern-most region of the Brazilian Amazon. Malaria parasite species-specific PCR-based detection of ribosomal and non-ribosomal targets showed that approximately 75% to 80% of all malaria infections were submicroscopic, with the ratio of submicroscopic to microscopic infection remaining stable over the 4-month follow-up period. Although the prevalence of malaria infection fluctuated over time, microscopically-detectable parasitemia was only found in children and adolescents, presumably reflecting their higher susceptibility to malaria infection. As well as temporal variation, the prevalence of malaria infection differed significantly between villages (from 1% to 19%), demonstrating a marked heterogeneity at micro-scales. Over the study period, Plasmodium vivax was the most commonly detected malaria parasite species, followed by P. malariae, and much less frequently P. falciparum. Consecutive blood samples from 859 out of the 981 studied Yanomami showed that malaria parasites were detected in only 8% of the previously malaria-positive individuals, with most of them young children (median age 3 yrs). Overall, our results show that molecular tools are more sensitive for the identification of malaria infection among the Yanomami, which is characterized by heterogeneous transmission, a predominance of low-density infections, circulation of multiple malaria parasite species, and a higher susceptibility in young children. Our findings are important for the design and implementation of the new strategic interventions that will be required for the elimination of malaria from isolated indigenous populations in Latin America.
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spelling pubmed-70819912020-03-24 Prospective assessment of malaria infection in a semi-isolated Amazonian indigenous Yanomami community: Transmission heterogeneity and predominance of submicroscopic infection Robortella, Daniela Rocha Calvet, Anderson Augusto Amaral, Lara Cotta Fantin, Raianna Farhat Guimarães, Luiz Felipe Ferreira França Dias, Michelle Hallais de Brito, Cristiana Ferreira Alves de Sousa, Tais Nobrega Herzog, Mariza Maia Oliveira-Ferreira, Joseli Carvalho, Luzia Helena PLoS One Research Article In the Amazon basin, indigenous forest-dwelling communities typically suffer from a high burden of infectious diseases, including malaria. Difficulties in accessing these isolated ethnic groups, such as the semi-nomadic Yanomami, make official malaria data largely underestimated. In the current study, we longitudinally surveyed microscopic and submicroscopic malaria infection in four Yanomami villages of the Marari community in the northern-most region of the Brazilian Amazon. Malaria parasite species-specific PCR-based detection of ribosomal and non-ribosomal targets showed that approximately 75% to 80% of all malaria infections were submicroscopic, with the ratio of submicroscopic to microscopic infection remaining stable over the 4-month follow-up period. Although the prevalence of malaria infection fluctuated over time, microscopically-detectable parasitemia was only found in children and adolescents, presumably reflecting their higher susceptibility to malaria infection. As well as temporal variation, the prevalence of malaria infection differed significantly between villages (from 1% to 19%), demonstrating a marked heterogeneity at micro-scales. Over the study period, Plasmodium vivax was the most commonly detected malaria parasite species, followed by P. malariae, and much less frequently P. falciparum. Consecutive blood samples from 859 out of the 981 studied Yanomami showed that malaria parasites were detected in only 8% of the previously malaria-positive individuals, with most of them young children (median age 3 yrs). Overall, our results show that molecular tools are more sensitive for the identification of malaria infection among the Yanomami, which is characterized by heterogeneous transmission, a predominance of low-density infections, circulation of multiple malaria parasite species, and a higher susceptibility in young children. Our findings are important for the design and implementation of the new strategic interventions that will be required for the elimination of malaria from isolated indigenous populations in Latin America. Public Library of Science 2020-03-19 /pmc/articles/PMC7081991/ /pubmed/32191777 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230643 Text en © 2020 Robortella et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Robortella, Daniela Rocha
Calvet, Anderson Augusto
Amaral, Lara Cotta
Fantin, Raianna Farhat
Guimarães, Luiz Felipe Ferreira
França Dias, Michelle Hallais
de Brito, Cristiana Ferreira Alves
de Sousa, Tais Nobrega
Herzog, Mariza Maia
Oliveira-Ferreira, Joseli
Carvalho, Luzia Helena
Prospective assessment of malaria infection in a semi-isolated Amazonian indigenous Yanomami community: Transmission heterogeneity and predominance of submicroscopic infection
title Prospective assessment of malaria infection in a semi-isolated Amazonian indigenous Yanomami community: Transmission heterogeneity and predominance of submicroscopic infection
title_full Prospective assessment of malaria infection in a semi-isolated Amazonian indigenous Yanomami community: Transmission heterogeneity and predominance of submicroscopic infection
title_fullStr Prospective assessment of malaria infection in a semi-isolated Amazonian indigenous Yanomami community: Transmission heterogeneity and predominance of submicroscopic infection
title_full_unstemmed Prospective assessment of malaria infection in a semi-isolated Amazonian indigenous Yanomami community: Transmission heterogeneity and predominance of submicroscopic infection
title_short Prospective assessment of malaria infection in a semi-isolated Amazonian indigenous Yanomami community: Transmission heterogeneity and predominance of submicroscopic infection
title_sort prospective assessment of malaria infection in a semi-isolated amazonian indigenous yanomami community: transmission heterogeneity and predominance of submicroscopic infection
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7081991/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32191777
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230643
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