A MicroRNA Derived From Schistosoma japonicum Promotes Schistosomiasis Hepatic Fibrosis by Targeting Host Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 1

Schistosomiasis remains a serious parasitic disease, which is characterized by granulomatous inflammation and hepatic fibrosis. MicroRNAs derived from parasites can regulate host genes and cell phenotype. Here, we showed that a miRNA derived from S. japonicum (Sja-miR-1) exists in the hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) of mice infected with the parasite and up-regulates the expression of collagens and α-SMA by targeting secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1). A vector-mediated delivery of Sja-miR-1 into naive mice led to hepatic fibrogenesis in the mice. Accordingly, inhibition of Sja-miR-1 in the infected mice led to reduction of the parasite-induced hepatic fibrosis. The mechanism behind the Sja-miR-1-mediated activation of HSC could be through targeting SFRP1 to regulate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These findings reveal that parasite-derived small non-coding RNAs are implicated in cross-species regulation of host pathological process and persistent inhibition of Sja-miR-1 may provide a therapeutic potential for the parasite diseases.