Unusual presentation of vitamin D(3)-dependent rickets type II in a kitten

CASE SUMMARY: A 15-week-old kitten presented with a 1-month history of intermittent generalised tremors and abdominal distension. Hypocalcaemia associated with increased 1,25-vitamin D(3) was consistent with vitamin D(3)-dependent rickets type II. The bone appearance on CT scan was most consistent with the changes typically seen with nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism and less typical of the changes seen with rickets. Our patient had a positive response to high vitamin D(3) therapy as it remained normocalcaemic 16 months after diagnosis, supporting the diagnosis of rickets. RELEVANCE AND NOVEL INFORMATION: This case report is an unusual and interesting presentation of rickets in a kitten. Despite the characteristic vitamin D(3) disturbance for rickets type II, the atypical radiographic changes have not been previously reported. In the literature, a positive response to treatment is not commonly seen or follow-up is short. Our case responded well to treatment and was followed for 16 months from the time of diagnosis. This emphasises that the pathophysiology of the condition is not well understood, and that different types of vitamin D(3)-dependent rickets type II may exist. Although the genetic defects responsible for some cases of rickets type I have been identified, this has still not been determined for rickets type II.