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Patterns of violence and coercion with mental health among female and male trafficking survivors: a latent class analysis with mixture models

AIMS: Human trafficking is a crime and a human rights violation that involves various and simultaneous traumatic events (sexual and physical violence, coercion). Yet, it is unknown how the patterning of violence and coercion affects the mental health of female and male trafficking survivors. METHODS...

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Autores principales: Iglesias-Rios, L., Harlow, S. D., Burgard, S. A., West, B., Kiss, L., Zimmerman, C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cambridge University Press 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7083520/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31142398
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S2045796019000295
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author Iglesias-Rios, L.
Harlow, S. D.
Burgard, S. A.
West, B.
Kiss, L.
Zimmerman, C.
author_facet Iglesias-Rios, L.
Harlow, S. D.
Burgard, S. A.
West, B.
Kiss, L.
Zimmerman, C.
author_sort Iglesias-Rios, L.
collection PubMed
description AIMS: Human trafficking is a crime and a human rights violation that involves various and simultaneous traumatic events (sexual and physical violence, coercion). Yet, it is unknown how the patterning of violence and coercion affects the mental health of female and male trafficking survivors. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using a sample of 1015 female and male survivors of trafficking who received post-trafficking assistance services in Cambodia, Thailand or Vietnam. We assessed symptoms of anxiety and depression with the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire. Violence was measured with questions from the World Health Organization International Study on Women's Health. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify distinct patterns of violence and coercion in females and males. Novel multi-step mixture modelling techniques were employed to assess the association of the emergent classes with anxiety, depression and PTSD in females and males. RESULTS: LCA identified two distinct classes of violence and coercion experiences in females (class I: severe sexual and physical violence and coercion (20%); class II: sexual violence and coercion (80%)) and males (class I: severe physical violence and coercion (41%); class II: personal coercion (59%)). Females in class I had a two-fold increase in the odds of anxiety (OR = 2.10; 95% CI: 1.57–2.81) and PTSD (OR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.03–4.17) compared with females in class II, but differences in the prevalence of anxiety, depression and PTSD were not significant when comparing males in class I to class II. CONCLUSIONS: Specific patterns of violence and coercion provide a more in-depth understanding of the role of gender in the experience of violence and coercion and its association with mental health in survivors of trafficking. This information could be useful to target comprehensive mental health services for female and male trafficking survivors.
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spelling pubmed-70835202020-03-20 Patterns of violence and coercion with mental health among female and male trafficking survivors: a latent class analysis with mixture models Iglesias-Rios, L. Harlow, S. D. Burgard, S. A. West, B. Kiss, L. Zimmerman, C. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci Original Articles AIMS: Human trafficking is a crime and a human rights violation that involves various and simultaneous traumatic events (sexual and physical violence, coercion). Yet, it is unknown how the patterning of violence and coercion affects the mental health of female and male trafficking survivors. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using a sample of 1015 female and male survivors of trafficking who received post-trafficking assistance services in Cambodia, Thailand or Vietnam. We assessed symptoms of anxiety and depression with the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire. Violence was measured with questions from the World Health Organization International Study on Women's Health. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify distinct patterns of violence and coercion in females and males. Novel multi-step mixture modelling techniques were employed to assess the association of the emergent classes with anxiety, depression and PTSD in females and males. RESULTS: LCA identified two distinct classes of violence and coercion experiences in females (class I: severe sexual and physical violence and coercion (20%); class II: sexual violence and coercion (80%)) and males (class I: severe physical violence and coercion (41%); class II: personal coercion (59%)). Females in class I had a two-fold increase in the odds of anxiety (OR = 2.10; 95% CI: 1.57–2.81) and PTSD (OR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.03–4.17) compared with females in class II, but differences in the prevalence of anxiety, depression and PTSD were not significant when comparing males in class I to class II. CONCLUSIONS: Specific patterns of violence and coercion provide a more in-depth understanding of the role of gender in the experience of violence and coercion and its association with mental health in survivors of trafficking. This information could be useful to target comprehensive mental health services for female and male trafficking survivors. Cambridge University Press 2019-05-30 /pmc/articles/PMC7083520/ /pubmed/31142398 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S2045796019000295 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Articles
Iglesias-Rios, L.
Harlow, S. D.
Burgard, S. A.
West, B.
Kiss, L.
Zimmerman, C.
Patterns of violence and coercion with mental health among female and male trafficking survivors: a latent class analysis with mixture models
title Patterns of violence and coercion with mental health among female and male trafficking survivors: a latent class analysis with mixture models
title_full Patterns of violence and coercion with mental health among female and male trafficking survivors: a latent class analysis with mixture models
title_fullStr Patterns of violence and coercion with mental health among female and male trafficking survivors: a latent class analysis with mixture models
title_full_unstemmed Patterns of violence and coercion with mental health among female and male trafficking survivors: a latent class analysis with mixture models
title_short Patterns of violence and coercion with mental health among female and male trafficking survivors: a latent class analysis with mixture models
title_sort patterns of violence and coercion with mental health among female and male trafficking survivors: a latent class analysis with mixture models
topic Original Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7083520/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31142398
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S2045796019000295
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