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Phenotypic divergence among threespine stickleback that differ in nuptial coloration

By studying systems in their earliest stages of differentiation, we can learn about the evolutionary forces acting within and among populations and how those forces could contribute to reproductive isolation. Such an understanding would help us to better discern and predict how selection leads to th...

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Autores principales: Jenck, Clara S., Lehto, Whitley R., Ketterman, Brian T., Sloan, Lukas F., Sexton, Aaron N., Tinghitella, Robin M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7083661/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32211164
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6105
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author Jenck, Clara S.
Lehto, Whitley R.
Ketterman, Brian T.
Sloan, Lukas F.
Sexton, Aaron N.
Tinghitella, Robin M.
author_facet Jenck, Clara S.
Lehto, Whitley R.
Ketterman, Brian T.
Sloan, Lukas F.
Sexton, Aaron N.
Tinghitella, Robin M.
author_sort Jenck, Clara S.
collection PubMed
description By studying systems in their earliest stages of differentiation, we can learn about the evolutionary forces acting within and among populations and how those forces could contribute to reproductive isolation. Such an understanding would help us to better discern and predict how selection leads to the maintenance of multiple morphs within a species, rather than speciation. The postglacial adaptive radiation of the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) is one of the best‐studied cases of evolutionary diversification and rapid, repeated speciation. Following deglaciation, marine stickleback have continually invaded freshwater habitats across the northern hemisphere and established resident populations that diverged innumerable times from their oceanic ancestors. Independent freshwater colonization events have yielded broadly parallel patterns of morphological differences in freshwater and marine stickleback. However, there is also much phenotypic diversity within and among freshwater populations. We studied a lesser‐known freshwater “species pair” found in southwest Washington, where male stickleback in numerous locations have lost the ancestral red sexual signal and instead develop black nuptial coloration. We measured phenotypic variation in a suite of traits across sites where red and black stickleback do not overlap in distribution and at one site where they historically co‐occurred. We found substantial phenotypic divergence between red and black morphs in noncolor traits including shape and lateral plating, and additionally find evidence that supports the hypothesis of sensory drive as the mechanism responsible for the evolutionary switch in color from red to black. A newly described third “mixed” morph in Connor Creek, Washington, differs in head shape and size from the red and black morphs, and we suggest that their characteristics are most consistent with hybridization between anadromous and freshwater stickleback. These results lay the foundation for future investigation of the underlying genetic basis of this phenotypic divergence as well as the evolutionary processes that may drive, maintain, or limit divergence among morphs.
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spelling pubmed-70836612020-03-24 Phenotypic divergence among threespine stickleback that differ in nuptial coloration Jenck, Clara S. Lehto, Whitley R. Ketterman, Brian T. Sloan, Lukas F. Sexton, Aaron N. Tinghitella, Robin M. Ecol Evol Original Research By studying systems in their earliest stages of differentiation, we can learn about the evolutionary forces acting within and among populations and how those forces could contribute to reproductive isolation. Such an understanding would help us to better discern and predict how selection leads to the maintenance of multiple morphs within a species, rather than speciation. The postglacial adaptive radiation of the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) is one of the best‐studied cases of evolutionary diversification and rapid, repeated speciation. Following deglaciation, marine stickleback have continually invaded freshwater habitats across the northern hemisphere and established resident populations that diverged innumerable times from their oceanic ancestors. Independent freshwater colonization events have yielded broadly parallel patterns of morphological differences in freshwater and marine stickleback. However, there is also much phenotypic diversity within and among freshwater populations. We studied a lesser‐known freshwater “species pair” found in southwest Washington, where male stickleback in numerous locations have lost the ancestral red sexual signal and instead develop black nuptial coloration. We measured phenotypic variation in a suite of traits across sites where red and black stickleback do not overlap in distribution and at one site where they historically co‐occurred. We found substantial phenotypic divergence between red and black morphs in noncolor traits including shape and lateral plating, and additionally find evidence that supports the hypothesis of sensory drive as the mechanism responsible for the evolutionary switch in color from red to black. A newly described third “mixed” morph in Connor Creek, Washington, differs in head shape and size from the red and black morphs, and we suggest that their characteristics are most consistent with hybridization between anadromous and freshwater stickleback. These results lay the foundation for future investigation of the underlying genetic basis of this phenotypic divergence as well as the evolutionary processes that may drive, maintain, or limit divergence among morphs. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2020-02-18 /pmc/articles/PMC7083661/ /pubmed/32211164 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6105 Text en © 2020 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Research
Jenck, Clara S.
Lehto, Whitley R.
Ketterman, Brian T.
Sloan, Lukas F.
Sexton, Aaron N.
Tinghitella, Robin M.
Phenotypic divergence among threespine stickleback that differ in nuptial coloration
title Phenotypic divergence among threespine stickleback that differ in nuptial coloration
title_full Phenotypic divergence among threespine stickleback that differ in nuptial coloration
title_fullStr Phenotypic divergence among threespine stickleback that differ in nuptial coloration
title_full_unstemmed Phenotypic divergence among threespine stickleback that differ in nuptial coloration
title_short Phenotypic divergence among threespine stickleback that differ in nuptial coloration
title_sort phenotypic divergence among threespine stickleback that differ in nuptial coloration
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7083661/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32211164
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6105
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