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Advances and Challenges in Bacterial Spot Resistance Breeding in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Bacterial spot is a serious disease of tomato caused by at least four species of Xanthomonas. These include X. euvesicatoria (race T1), X. vesicatoria (race T2), X. perforans (races T3 and T4), and X. gardneri, with the distinct geographical distribution of each group. Currently, X. gardneri and X....

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Autores principales: Adhikari, Pragya, Adhikari, Tika B., Louws, Frank J., Panthee, Dilip R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7084486/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32138355
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051734
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author Adhikari, Pragya
Adhikari, Tika B.
Louws, Frank J.
Panthee, Dilip R.
author_facet Adhikari, Pragya
Adhikari, Tika B.
Louws, Frank J.
Panthee, Dilip R.
author_sort Adhikari, Pragya
collection PubMed
description Bacterial spot is a serious disease of tomato caused by at least four species of Xanthomonas. These include X. euvesicatoria (race T1), X. vesicatoria (race T2), X. perforans (races T3 and T4), and X. gardneri, with the distinct geographical distribution of each group. Currently, X. gardneri and X. perforans are two major bacterial pathogens of tomato in North America, with X. perforans (race T4) dominating in east-coast while X. gardneri dominating in the Midwest. The disease causes up to 66% yield loss. Management of this disease is challenging due to the lack of useful chemical control measures and commercial resistant cultivars. Although major genes for resistance (R) and quantitative resistance have been identified, breeding tomato for resistance to bacterial spot has been impeded by multiple factors including the emergence of new races of the pathogen that overcome the resistance, multigenic control of the resistance, linkage drag, non-additive components of the resistance and a low correlation between seedling assays and field resistance. Transgenic tomato with Bs2 and EFR genes was effective against multiple races of Xanthomonas. However, it has not been commercialized because of public concerns and complex regulatory processes. The genomics-assisted breeding, effectors-based genomics breeding, and genome editing technology could be novel approaches to achieve durable resistance to bacterial spot in tomato. The main goal of this paper is to understand the current status of bacterial spot of tomato including its distribution and pathogen diversity, challenges in disease management, disease resistance sources, resistance genetics and breeding, and future prospectives with novel breeding approaches.
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spelling pubmed-70844862020-03-24 Advances and Challenges in Bacterial Spot Resistance Breeding in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Adhikari, Pragya Adhikari, Tika B. Louws, Frank J. Panthee, Dilip R. Int J Mol Sci Review Bacterial spot is a serious disease of tomato caused by at least four species of Xanthomonas. These include X. euvesicatoria (race T1), X. vesicatoria (race T2), X. perforans (races T3 and T4), and X. gardneri, with the distinct geographical distribution of each group. Currently, X. gardneri and X. perforans are two major bacterial pathogens of tomato in North America, with X. perforans (race T4) dominating in east-coast while X. gardneri dominating in the Midwest. The disease causes up to 66% yield loss. Management of this disease is challenging due to the lack of useful chemical control measures and commercial resistant cultivars. Although major genes for resistance (R) and quantitative resistance have been identified, breeding tomato for resistance to bacterial spot has been impeded by multiple factors including the emergence of new races of the pathogen that overcome the resistance, multigenic control of the resistance, linkage drag, non-additive components of the resistance and a low correlation between seedling assays and field resistance. Transgenic tomato with Bs2 and EFR genes was effective against multiple races of Xanthomonas. However, it has not been commercialized because of public concerns and complex regulatory processes. The genomics-assisted breeding, effectors-based genomics breeding, and genome editing technology could be novel approaches to achieve durable resistance to bacterial spot in tomato. The main goal of this paper is to understand the current status of bacterial spot of tomato including its distribution and pathogen diversity, challenges in disease management, disease resistance sources, resistance genetics and breeding, and future prospectives with novel breeding approaches. MDPI 2020-03-03 /pmc/articles/PMC7084486/ /pubmed/32138355 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051734 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Adhikari, Pragya
Adhikari, Tika B.
Louws, Frank J.
Panthee, Dilip R.
Advances and Challenges in Bacterial Spot Resistance Breeding in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
title Advances and Challenges in Bacterial Spot Resistance Breeding in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
title_full Advances and Challenges in Bacterial Spot Resistance Breeding in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
title_fullStr Advances and Challenges in Bacterial Spot Resistance Breeding in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
title_full_unstemmed Advances and Challenges in Bacterial Spot Resistance Breeding in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
title_short Advances and Challenges in Bacterial Spot Resistance Breeding in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
title_sort advances and challenges in bacterial spot resistance breeding in tomato (solanum lycopersicum l.)
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7084486/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32138355
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051734
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