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Regulatory Mechanism of MicroRNA Expression in Cancer

Altered gene expression is the primary molecular mechanism responsible for the pathological processes of human diseases, including cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are virtually involved at the post-transcriptional level and bind to 3′ UTR of their target messenger RNA (mRNA) to suppress expression. Dysfu...

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Autores principales: Ali Syeda, Zainab, Langden, Siu Semar Saratu’, Munkhzul, Choijamts, Lee, Mihye, Song, Su Jung
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7084905/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32138313
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051723
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author Ali Syeda, Zainab
Langden, Siu Semar Saratu’
Munkhzul, Choijamts
Lee, Mihye
Song, Su Jung
author_facet Ali Syeda, Zainab
Langden, Siu Semar Saratu’
Munkhzul, Choijamts
Lee, Mihye
Song, Su Jung
author_sort Ali Syeda, Zainab
collection PubMed
description Altered gene expression is the primary molecular mechanism responsible for the pathological processes of human diseases, including cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are virtually involved at the post-transcriptional level and bind to 3′ UTR of their target messenger RNA (mRNA) to suppress expression. Dysfunction of miRNAs disturbs expression of oncogenic or tumor-suppressive target genes, which is implicated in cancer pathogenesis. As such, a large number of miRNAs have been found to be downregulated or upregulated in human cancers and to function as oncomiRs or oncosuppressor miRs. Notably, the molecular mechanism underlying the dysregulation of miRNA expression in cancer has been recently uncovered. The genetic deletion or amplification and epigenetic methylation of miRNA genomic loci and the transcription factor-mediated regulation of primary miRNA often alter the landscape of miRNA expression in cancer. Dysregulation of the multiple processing steps in mature miRNA biogenesis can also cause alterations in miRNA expression in cancer. Detailed knowledge of the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs in cancer is essential for understanding its physiological role and the implications of cancer-associated dysfunction and dysregulation. In this review, we elucidate how miRNA expression is deregulated in cancer, paying particular attention to the cancer-associated transcriptional and post-transcriptional factors that execute miRNA programs.
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spelling pubmed-70849052020-03-23 Regulatory Mechanism of MicroRNA Expression in Cancer Ali Syeda, Zainab Langden, Siu Semar Saratu’ Munkhzul, Choijamts Lee, Mihye Song, Su Jung Int J Mol Sci Review Altered gene expression is the primary molecular mechanism responsible for the pathological processes of human diseases, including cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are virtually involved at the post-transcriptional level and bind to 3′ UTR of their target messenger RNA (mRNA) to suppress expression. Dysfunction of miRNAs disturbs expression of oncogenic or tumor-suppressive target genes, which is implicated in cancer pathogenesis. As such, a large number of miRNAs have been found to be downregulated or upregulated in human cancers and to function as oncomiRs or oncosuppressor miRs. Notably, the molecular mechanism underlying the dysregulation of miRNA expression in cancer has been recently uncovered. The genetic deletion or amplification and epigenetic methylation of miRNA genomic loci and the transcription factor-mediated regulation of primary miRNA often alter the landscape of miRNA expression in cancer. Dysregulation of the multiple processing steps in mature miRNA biogenesis can also cause alterations in miRNA expression in cancer. Detailed knowledge of the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs in cancer is essential for understanding its physiological role and the implications of cancer-associated dysfunction and dysregulation. In this review, we elucidate how miRNA expression is deregulated in cancer, paying particular attention to the cancer-associated transcriptional and post-transcriptional factors that execute miRNA programs. MDPI 2020-03-03 /pmc/articles/PMC7084905/ /pubmed/32138313 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051723 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Ali Syeda, Zainab
Langden, Siu Semar Saratu’
Munkhzul, Choijamts
Lee, Mihye
Song, Su Jung
Regulatory Mechanism of MicroRNA Expression in Cancer
title Regulatory Mechanism of MicroRNA Expression in Cancer
title_full Regulatory Mechanism of MicroRNA Expression in Cancer
title_fullStr Regulatory Mechanism of MicroRNA Expression in Cancer
title_full_unstemmed Regulatory Mechanism of MicroRNA Expression in Cancer
title_short Regulatory Mechanism of MicroRNA Expression in Cancer
title_sort regulatory mechanism of microrna expression in cancer
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7084905/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32138313
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051723
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