A Tunable Freeform-Segmented Reflector in a Microfluidic System for Conventional and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

We present a freeform-segmented reflector-based microfluidic system for conventional Raman and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) analysis. The segmented reflector is directly designed by a numerical approach. The polymer-based Raman system strongly suppresses the undesirable background because it enables confocal detection of Raman scattering through the combination of a freeform reflector and a microfluidic chip. We perform systematic simulations using non-sequential ray tracing with the Henyey-Greenstein model to assess the Raman scattering behavior of the substance under test. We fabricate the freeform reflector and the microfluidic chip by means of ultra-precision diamond turning and laser cutting respectively. We demonstrate the confocal behavior by measuring the Raman spectrum of ethanol. Besides, we calibrate the setup by performing Raman measurements on urea and potassium nitrate solutions with different concentrations. The detection limit of our microfluidic system is approximately 20 mM according to the experiment. Finally, we implement a SERS microfluidic chip and discriminate 100 µM urea and potassium nitrate solutions.