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Nosocomial necrotising enterocolitis outbreaks: epidemiology and control measures

Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most serious gastrointestinal diseases among newborns and it mainly affects those in intensive care units. The aetiology of the disease has been reported to be multifactorial and both sporadic cases and nosocomial outbreaks have occurred. In this report,...

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Autores principales: Boccia, Delia, Stolfi, Ilaria, Lana, Susanna, Moro, Maria Luisa
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer-Verlag 2001
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7087147/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11421422
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310100749
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author Boccia, Delia
Stolfi, Ilaria
Lana, Susanna
Moro, Maria Luisa
author_facet Boccia, Delia
Stolfi, Ilaria
Lana, Susanna
Moro, Maria Luisa
author_sort Boccia, Delia
collection PubMed
description Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most serious gastrointestinal diseases among newborns and it mainly affects those in intensive care units. The aetiology of the disease has been reported to be multifactorial and both sporadic cases and nosocomial outbreaks have occurred. In this report, we review 17 epidemics of NEC reported in the literature between 1973 and 1999. The number of confirmed cases ranged from 1 to 32 with an average of 10.5 confirmed cases. On average, 16.15% of cases required surgery (range 0–66.6%). The average mortality rate was 6.25% (range 0–87.5%). The mean age at disease onset was 9.5 days (range 6.6–29 days). Most of the infants had low birth weight (median weight 1,395 g; range 1,112–2,788 g, calculated on the reported mean weights). The main risk factors associated with NEC were: low birth weight, low gestational age, low Apgar score, perinatal complications, hyaline membrane disease, and umbilical catheterisation. The bacteria involved often included Enterobacteriaceae, particularly Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae type 3305573. The causative role of Clostridia in NEC is controversial. With regard to viral agents, coronarovirus, rotavirus and enterovirus, such as echovirus type 22, were isolated during some of the epidemics. The recommended control measures for NEC epidemics are those used for epidemics of other orofaecally transmitted infections. Conclusion Understanding the epidemiology of necrotising enterocolitis is fundamental if adequate preventive control measures are to be developed and applied.
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spelling pubmed-70871472020-03-23 Nosocomial necrotising enterocolitis outbreaks: epidemiology and control measures Boccia, Delia Stolfi, Ilaria Lana, Susanna Moro, Maria Luisa Eur J Pediatr Original Paper Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most serious gastrointestinal diseases among newborns and it mainly affects those in intensive care units. The aetiology of the disease has been reported to be multifactorial and both sporadic cases and nosocomial outbreaks have occurred. In this report, we review 17 epidemics of NEC reported in the literature between 1973 and 1999. The number of confirmed cases ranged from 1 to 32 with an average of 10.5 confirmed cases. On average, 16.15% of cases required surgery (range 0–66.6%). The average mortality rate was 6.25% (range 0–87.5%). The mean age at disease onset was 9.5 days (range 6.6–29 days). Most of the infants had low birth weight (median weight 1,395 g; range 1,112–2,788 g, calculated on the reported mean weights). The main risk factors associated with NEC were: low birth weight, low gestational age, low Apgar score, perinatal complications, hyaline membrane disease, and umbilical catheterisation. The bacteria involved often included Enterobacteriaceae, particularly Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae type 3305573. The causative role of Clostridia in NEC is controversial. With regard to viral agents, coronarovirus, rotavirus and enterovirus, such as echovirus type 22, were isolated during some of the epidemics. The recommended control measures for NEC epidemics are those used for epidemics of other orofaecally transmitted infections. Conclusion Understanding the epidemiology of necrotising enterocolitis is fundamental if adequate preventive control measures are to be developed and applied. Springer-Verlag 2001 /pmc/articles/PMC7087147/ /pubmed/11421422 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310100749 Text en © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2001 This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.
spellingShingle Original Paper
Boccia, Delia
Stolfi, Ilaria
Lana, Susanna
Moro, Maria Luisa
Nosocomial necrotising enterocolitis outbreaks: epidemiology and control measures
title Nosocomial necrotising enterocolitis outbreaks: epidemiology and control measures
title_full Nosocomial necrotising enterocolitis outbreaks: epidemiology and control measures
title_fullStr Nosocomial necrotising enterocolitis outbreaks: epidemiology and control measures
title_full_unstemmed Nosocomial necrotising enterocolitis outbreaks: epidemiology and control measures
title_short Nosocomial necrotising enterocolitis outbreaks: epidemiology and control measures
title_sort nosocomial necrotising enterocolitis outbreaks: epidemiology and control measures
topic Original Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7087147/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11421422
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310100749
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