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Multiple changes in sialic acid biology during human evolution
Humans are genetically very similar to “great apes”, (chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and orangutans), our closest evolutionary relatives. We have discovered multiple genetic and biochemical differences between humans and these other hominids, in relation to sialic acids and in Siglecs (Sia-recognizi...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Springer US
2008
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7087641/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18777136 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10719-008-9183-z |
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author | Varki, Ajit |
author_facet | Varki, Ajit |
author_sort | Varki, Ajit |
collection | PubMed |
description | Humans are genetically very similar to “great apes”, (chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and orangutans), our closest evolutionary relatives. We have discovered multiple genetic and biochemical differences between humans and these other hominids, in relation to sialic acids and in Siglecs (Sia-recognizing Ig superfamily lectins). An inactivating mutation in the CMAH gene eliminated human expression of N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) a major sialic acid in “great apes”. Additional human-specific changes have been found, affecting at least 10 of the <60 genes known to be involved in the biology of sialic acids. There are potential implications for unique features of humans, as well as for human susceptibility or resistance to disease. Additionally, metabolic incorporation of Neu5Gc from animal-derived materials occurs into biotherapeutic molecules and cellular preparations - and into human tissues from dietary sources, particularly red meat and milk products. As humans also have varying and sometime high levels of circulating anti-Neu5Gc antibodies, there are implications for biotechnology products, and for some human diseases associated with chronic inflammation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7087641 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2008 |
publisher | Springer US |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70876412020-03-23 Multiple changes in sialic acid biology during human evolution Varki, Ajit Glycoconj J Article Humans are genetically very similar to “great apes”, (chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and orangutans), our closest evolutionary relatives. We have discovered multiple genetic and biochemical differences between humans and these other hominids, in relation to sialic acids and in Siglecs (Sia-recognizing Ig superfamily lectins). An inactivating mutation in the CMAH gene eliminated human expression of N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) a major sialic acid in “great apes”. Additional human-specific changes have been found, affecting at least 10 of the <60 genes known to be involved in the biology of sialic acids. There are potential implications for unique features of humans, as well as for human susceptibility or resistance to disease. Additionally, metabolic incorporation of Neu5Gc from animal-derived materials occurs into biotherapeutic molecules and cellular preparations - and into human tissues from dietary sources, particularly red meat and milk products. As humans also have varying and sometime high levels of circulating anti-Neu5Gc antibodies, there are implications for biotechnology products, and for some human diseases associated with chronic inflammation. Springer US 2008-09-07 2009 /pmc/articles/PMC7087641/ /pubmed/18777136 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10719-008-9183-z Text en © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2008 This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. |
spellingShingle | Article Varki, Ajit Multiple changes in sialic acid biology during human evolution |
title | Multiple changes in sialic acid biology during human evolution |
title_full | Multiple changes in sialic acid biology during human evolution |
title_fullStr | Multiple changes in sialic acid biology during human evolution |
title_full_unstemmed | Multiple changes in sialic acid biology during human evolution |
title_short | Multiple changes in sialic acid biology during human evolution |
title_sort | multiple changes in sialic acid biology during human evolution |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7087641/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18777136 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10719-008-9183-z |
work_keys_str_mv | AT varkiajit multiplechangesinsialicacidbiologyduringhumanevolution |