Cargando…

Structure, properties, and biological relevance of the DNA and RNA G-quadruplexes: Overview 50 years after their discovery

G-quadruplexes (G4s), which are known to have important roles in regulation of key biological processes in both normal and pathological cells, are the most actively studied non-canonical structures of nucleic acids. In this review, we summarize the results of studies published in recent years that c...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Dolinnaya, N. G., Ogloblina, A. M., Yakubovskaya, M. G.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Pleiades Publishing 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7087716/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28260487
http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S0006297916130034
_version_ 1783509388853510144
author Dolinnaya, N. G.
Ogloblina, A. M.
Yakubovskaya, M. G.
author_facet Dolinnaya, N. G.
Ogloblina, A. M.
Yakubovskaya, M. G.
author_sort Dolinnaya, N. G.
collection PubMed
description G-quadruplexes (G4s), which are known to have important roles in regulation of key biological processes in both normal and pathological cells, are the most actively studied non-canonical structures of nucleic acids. In this review, we summarize the results of studies published in recent years that change significantly scientific views on various aspects of our understanding of quadruplexes. Modern notions on the polymorphism of DNA quadruplexes, on factors affecting thermodynamics and kinetics of G4 folding–unfolding, on structural organization of multiquadruplex systems, and on conformational features of RNA G4s and hybrid DNA–RNA G4s are discussed. Here we report the data on location of G4 sequence motifs in the genomes of eukaryotes, bacteria, and viruses, characterize G4-specific small-molecule ligands and proteins, as well as the mechanisms of their interactions with quadruplexes. New information on the structure and stability of G4s in telomeric DNA and oncogene promoters is discussed as well as proof being provided on the occurrence of G-quadruplexes in cells. Prominence is given to novel experimental techniques (single molecule manipulations, optical and magnetic tweezers, original chemical approaches, G4 detection in situ, in-cell NMR spectroscopy) that facilitate breakthroughs in the investigation of the structure and functions of G-quadruplexes.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7087716
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2017
publisher Pleiades Publishing
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-70877162020-03-23 Structure, properties, and biological relevance of the DNA and RNA G-quadruplexes: Overview 50 years after their discovery Dolinnaya, N. G. Ogloblina, A. M. Yakubovskaya, M. G. Biochemistry (Mosc) Review G-quadruplexes (G4s), which are known to have important roles in regulation of key biological processes in both normal and pathological cells, are the most actively studied non-canonical structures of nucleic acids. In this review, we summarize the results of studies published in recent years that change significantly scientific views on various aspects of our understanding of quadruplexes. Modern notions on the polymorphism of DNA quadruplexes, on factors affecting thermodynamics and kinetics of G4 folding–unfolding, on structural organization of multiquadruplex systems, and on conformational features of RNA G4s and hybrid DNA–RNA G4s are discussed. Here we report the data on location of G4 sequence motifs in the genomes of eukaryotes, bacteria, and viruses, characterize G4-specific small-molecule ligands and proteins, as well as the mechanisms of their interactions with quadruplexes. New information on the structure and stability of G4s in telomeric DNA and oncogene promoters is discussed as well as proof being provided on the occurrence of G-quadruplexes in cells. Prominence is given to novel experimental techniques (single molecule manipulations, optical and magnetic tweezers, original chemical approaches, G4 detection in situ, in-cell NMR spectroscopy) that facilitate breakthroughs in the investigation of the structure and functions of G-quadruplexes. Pleiades Publishing 2017-01-06 2016 /pmc/articles/PMC7087716/ /pubmed/28260487 http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S0006297916130034 Text en © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. 2016 This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.
spellingShingle Review
Dolinnaya, N. G.
Ogloblina, A. M.
Yakubovskaya, M. G.
Structure, properties, and biological relevance of the DNA and RNA G-quadruplexes: Overview 50 years after their discovery
title Structure, properties, and biological relevance of the DNA and RNA G-quadruplexes: Overview 50 years after their discovery
title_full Structure, properties, and biological relevance of the DNA and RNA G-quadruplexes: Overview 50 years after their discovery
title_fullStr Structure, properties, and biological relevance of the DNA and RNA G-quadruplexes: Overview 50 years after their discovery
title_full_unstemmed Structure, properties, and biological relevance of the DNA and RNA G-quadruplexes: Overview 50 years after their discovery
title_short Structure, properties, and biological relevance of the DNA and RNA G-quadruplexes: Overview 50 years after their discovery
title_sort structure, properties, and biological relevance of the dna and rna g-quadruplexes: overview 50 years after their discovery
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7087716/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28260487
http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S0006297916130034
work_keys_str_mv AT dolinnayang structurepropertiesandbiologicalrelevanceofthednaandrnagquadruplexesoverview50yearsaftertheirdiscovery
AT ogloblinaam structurepropertiesandbiologicalrelevanceofthednaandrnagquadruplexesoverview50yearsaftertheirdiscovery
AT yakubovskayamg structurepropertiesandbiologicalrelevanceofthednaandrnagquadruplexesoverview50yearsaftertheirdiscovery