Detection and genetic analysis of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus in South Korea

Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) causes vomiting and wasting disease (VWD) or encephalomyelitis, and primarily affects pigs under 3 weeks of age. In this study, we detected PHEV from clinically ill pigs in conventional pig farms in South Korea. From November 2009 to March 2010, a total of 239 pig tissue samples from 91 farms were tested by nested RT-PCR. Among 239 samples, 22 samples from 17 farms were positive for PHEV. The detection rate of suckling pigs, weaning pigs, growers and finishers were 14.3% (12/84), 6.5% (7/107), 7% (3/43), and 0% (0/5), respectively. Symptoms were neurological, respiratory, enteric sign (diarrhea), or nasal bleeding. All pigs were co-infected with other viruses and bacteria and this might have resulted in age variation and clinical signs in the affected pigs. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the PHEV-positive samples and PHEV reference strains were clustered in the same group. These findings imply the presence of only one genogroup of PHEV, regardless of porcine age, clinical signs, and geographical location.