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Evaluation of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiated Among Pregnant Women Under Option B+ by Viral Load and CD4 Count Outcomes in Selected Hospitals of West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is effective for the elimination of mother-to-child transmission (eMTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, reducing infant mortality and ensuring maternal virologic suppression, while pregnant women require test and treat under Option B+ progra...

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Autores principales: Demissie, Dereje Bayissa, Bulto, Gizachew Abdissa, Mekuria, Wagi Tosisa, Dufera, Fikru Negassa, Gamshe, Eriste Nigussa
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Dove 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7090176/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32256122
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S242320
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author Demissie, Dereje Bayissa
Bulto, Gizachew Abdissa
Mekuria, Wagi Tosisa
Dufera, Fikru Negassa
Gamshe, Eriste Nigussa
author_facet Demissie, Dereje Bayissa
Bulto, Gizachew Abdissa
Mekuria, Wagi Tosisa
Dufera, Fikru Negassa
Gamshe, Eriste Nigussa
author_sort Demissie, Dereje Bayissa
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is effective for the elimination of mother-to-child transmission (eMTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, reducing infant mortality and ensuring maternal virologic suppression, while pregnant women require test and treat under Option B+ programs. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the evaluation of antiretroviral therapy initiated among pregnant women under Option B+ by viral load and CD4 count outcomes in selected hospitals of West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. METHODS: Hospital-based cross-sectional study design was employed to conduct the study at randomly selected hospitals providing Option B+ services with routine viral load assessment by Oromia Regional Laboratory (ORL) from January 2016 to January 2017. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine factors affecting the time to ART initiation following an HIV test and logistic regression was used to determine the correlation between time and treatment outcomes. RESULTS: The viral load suppression (VL <1000 copies/mL) was achieved in 31% and 58.7% of patients who were on ART treatment for ≤37 months and longer than 38 months, respectively. It was identified that the mean viral load and CD4 count were 197.27 and 629.17, respectively, while 85.3% of the clients had their CD4 count increased from the baseline data. The study revealed that level of ART adherence, completion of full doses, compliance on appointments, duration of the ART uptake and baseline CD4 count were independent predictors of viral load suppression for women started on option B+ and continued on lifelong ART. And this study also revealed that gestational age at ART start, maternal age in years and adherence on medication were independently associated with CD4 response among HIV pregnant women initiated for lifelong ART. CONCLUSION: The study results demonstrated that for 89.7% of study respondents, viral load was suppressed of which 80.3% were undetectable (VL= 0 copies/ml(3) and 85.3% had increased CD4 count). This study determined the factors associated with viral load suppression and CD4 count improvement. Therefore, these factors should be emphatically considered during Option B+ program development and training to ensure CD4 count improvement and viral load suppression achievements.
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spelling pubmed-70901762020-04-01 Evaluation of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiated Among Pregnant Women Under Option B+ by Viral Load and CD4 Count Outcomes in Selected Hospitals of West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia Demissie, Dereje Bayissa Bulto, Gizachew Abdissa Mekuria, Wagi Tosisa Dufera, Fikru Negassa Gamshe, Eriste Nigussa HIV AIDS (Auckl) Original Research BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is effective for the elimination of mother-to-child transmission (eMTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, reducing infant mortality and ensuring maternal virologic suppression, while pregnant women require test and treat under Option B+ programs. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the evaluation of antiretroviral therapy initiated among pregnant women under Option B+ by viral load and CD4 count outcomes in selected hospitals of West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. METHODS: Hospital-based cross-sectional study design was employed to conduct the study at randomly selected hospitals providing Option B+ services with routine viral load assessment by Oromia Regional Laboratory (ORL) from January 2016 to January 2017. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine factors affecting the time to ART initiation following an HIV test and logistic regression was used to determine the correlation between time and treatment outcomes. RESULTS: The viral load suppression (VL <1000 copies/mL) was achieved in 31% and 58.7% of patients who were on ART treatment for ≤37 months and longer than 38 months, respectively. It was identified that the mean viral load and CD4 count were 197.27 and 629.17, respectively, while 85.3% of the clients had their CD4 count increased from the baseline data. The study revealed that level of ART adherence, completion of full doses, compliance on appointments, duration of the ART uptake and baseline CD4 count were independent predictors of viral load suppression for women started on option B+ and continued on lifelong ART. And this study also revealed that gestational age at ART start, maternal age in years and adherence on medication were independently associated with CD4 response among HIV pregnant women initiated for lifelong ART. CONCLUSION: The study results demonstrated that for 89.7% of study respondents, viral load was suppressed of which 80.3% were undetectable (VL= 0 copies/ml(3) and 85.3% had increased CD4 count). This study determined the factors associated with viral load suppression and CD4 count improvement. Therefore, these factors should be emphatically considered during Option B+ program development and training to ensure CD4 count improvement and viral load suppression achievements. Dove 2020-03-19 /pmc/articles/PMC7090176/ /pubmed/32256122 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S242320 Text en © 2020 Demissie et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).
spellingShingle Original Research
Demissie, Dereje Bayissa
Bulto, Gizachew Abdissa
Mekuria, Wagi Tosisa
Dufera, Fikru Negassa
Gamshe, Eriste Nigussa
Evaluation of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiated Among Pregnant Women Under Option B+ by Viral Load and CD4 Count Outcomes in Selected Hospitals of West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
title Evaluation of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiated Among Pregnant Women Under Option B+ by Viral Load and CD4 Count Outcomes in Selected Hospitals of West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
title_full Evaluation of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiated Among Pregnant Women Under Option B+ by Viral Load and CD4 Count Outcomes in Selected Hospitals of West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
title_fullStr Evaluation of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiated Among Pregnant Women Under Option B+ by Viral Load and CD4 Count Outcomes in Selected Hospitals of West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiated Among Pregnant Women Under Option B+ by Viral Load and CD4 Count Outcomes in Selected Hospitals of West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
title_short Evaluation of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiated Among Pregnant Women Under Option B+ by Viral Load and CD4 Count Outcomes in Selected Hospitals of West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
title_sort evaluation of antiretroviral therapy initiated among pregnant women under option b+ by viral load and cd4 count outcomes in selected hospitals of west shewa zone, oromia region, ethiopia
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7090176/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32256122
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S242320
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