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Evaluation of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiated Among Pregnant Women Under Option B+ by Viral Load and CD4 Count Outcomes in Selected Hospitals of West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is effective for the elimination of mother-to-child transmission (eMTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, reducing infant mortality and ensuring maternal virologic suppression, while pregnant women require test and treat under Option B+ progra...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Dove
2020
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7090176/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32256122 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S242320 |
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author | Demissie, Dereje Bayissa Bulto, Gizachew Abdissa Mekuria, Wagi Tosisa Dufera, Fikru Negassa Gamshe, Eriste Nigussa |
author_facet | Demissie, Dereje Bayissa Bulto, Gizachew Abdissa Mekuria, Wagi Tosisa Dufera, Fikru Negassa Gamshe, Eriste Nigussa |
author_sort | Demissie, Dereje Bayissa |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is effective for the elimination of mother-to-child transmission (eMTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, reducing infant mortality and ensuring maternal virologic suppression, while pregnant women require test and treat under Option B+ programs. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the evaluation of antiretroviral therapy initiated among pregnant women under Option B+ by viral load and CD4 count outcomes in selected hospitals of West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. METHODS: Hospital-based cross-sectional study design was employed to conduct the study at randomly selected hospitals providing Option B+ services with routine viral load assessment by Oromia Regional Laboratory (ORL) from January 2016 to January 2017. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine factors affecting the time to ART initiation following an HIV test and logistic regression was used to determine the correlation between time and treatment outcomes. RESULTS: The viral load suppression (VL <1000 copies/mL) was achieved in 31% and 58.7% of patients who were on ART treatment for ≤37 months and longer than 38 months, respectively. It was identified that the mean viral load and CD4 count were 197.27 and 629.17, respectively, while 85.3% of the clients had their CD4 count increased from the baseline data. The study revealed that level of ART adherence, completion of full doses, compliance on appointments, duration of the ART uptake and baseline CD4 count were independent predictors of viral load suppression for women started on option B+ and continued on lifelong ART. And this study also revealed that gestational age at ART start, maternal age in years and adherence on medication were independently associated with CD4 response among HIV pregnant women initiated for lifelong ART. CONCLUSION: The study results demonstrated that for 89.7% of study respondents, viral load was suppressed of which 80.3% were undetectable (VL= 0 copies/ml(3) and 85.3% had increased CD4 count). This study determined the factors associated with viral load suppression and CD4 count improvement. Therefore, these factors should be emphatically considered during Option B+ program development and training to ensure CD4 count improvement and viral load suppression achievements. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7090176 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Dove |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70901762020-04-01 Evaluation of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiated Among Pregnant Women Under Option B+ by Viral Load and CD4 Count Outcomes in Selected Hospitals of West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia Demissie, Dereje Bayissa Bulto, Gizachew Abdissa Mekuria, Wagi Tosisa Dufera, Fikru Negassa Gamshe, Eriste Nigussa HIV AIDS (Auckl) Original Research BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is effective for the elimination of mother-to-child transmission (eMTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, reducing infant mortality and ensuring maternal virologic suppression, while pregnant women require test and treat under Option B+ programs. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the evaluation of antiretroviral therapy initiated among pregnant women under Option B+ by viral load and CD4 count outcomes in selected hospitals of West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. METHODS: Hospital-based cross-sectional study design was employed to conduct the study at randomly selected hospitals providing Option B+ services with routine viral load assessment by Oromia Regional Laboratory (ORL) from January 2016 to January 2017. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine factors affecting the time to ART initiation following an HIV test and logistic regression was used to determine the correlation between time and treatment outcomes. RESULTS: The viral load suppression (VL <1000 copies/mL) was achieved in 31% and 58.7% of patients who were on ART treatment for ≤37 months and longer than 38 months, respectively. It was identified that the mean viral load and CD4 count were 197.27 and 629.17, respectively, while 85.3% of the clients had their CD4 count increased from the baseline data. The study revealed that level of ART adherence, completion of full doses, compliance on appointments, duration of the ART uptake and baseline CD4 count were independent predictors of viral load suppression for women started on option B+ and continued on lifelong ART. And this study also revealed that gestational age at ART start, maternal age in years and adherence on medication were independently associated with CD4 response among HIV pregnant women initiated for lifelong ART. CONCLUSION: The study results demonstrated that for 89.7% of study respondents, viral load was suppressed of which 80.3% were undetectable (VL= 0 copies/ml(3) and 85.3% had increased CD4 count). This study determined the factors associated with viral load suppression and CD4 count improvement. Therefore, these factors should be emphatically considered during Option B+ program development and training to ensure CD4 count improvement and viral load suppression achievements. Dove 2020-03-19 /pmc/articles/PMC7090176/ /pubmed/32256122 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S242320 Text en © 2020 Demissie et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). |
spellingShingle | Original Research Demissie, Dereje Bayissa Bulto, Gizachew Abdissa Mekuria, Wagi Tosisa Dufera, Fikru Negassa Gamshe, Eriste Nigussa Evaluation of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiated Among Pregnant Women Under Option B+ by Viral Load and CD4 Count Outcomes in Selected Hospitals of West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia |
title | Evaluation of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiated Among Pregnant Women Under Option B+ by Viral Load and CD4 Count Outcomes in Selected Hospitals of West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia |
title_full | Evaluation of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiated Among Pregnant Women Under Option B+ by Viral Load and CD4 Count Outcomes in Selected Hospitals of West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia |
title_fullStr | Evaluation of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiated Among Pregnant Women Under Option B+ by Viral Load and CD4 Count Outcomes in Selected Hospitals of West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia |
title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiated Among Pregnant Women Under Option B+ by Viral Load and CD4 Count Outcomes in Selected Hospitals of West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia |
title_short | Evaluation of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiated Among Pregnant Women Under Option B+ by Viral Load and CD4 Count Outcomes in Selected Hospitals of West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia |
title_sort | evaluation of antiretroviral therapy initiated among pregnant women under option b+ by viral load and cd4 count outcomes in selected hospitals of west shewa zone, oromia region, ethiopia |
topic | Original Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7090176/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32256122 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S242320 |
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