Opposing Roles of BMP and TGF-β Signaling Pathways in Pancreatitis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implication

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) comprise a major subgroup of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily. They play pivotal roles in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis in adults. Deregulation of BMP and TGF-β signaling contributes to developmental anomalies and multiple diseases. In this mini-review, we focus on BMP signaling in inflammatory disorders of the pancreas, acute and chronic pancreatitis, in contrast to TGF-β signaling. We then discuss molecular mechanisms that interact with and connect between the BMP and TGF-β signaling pathways. Lastly, we review potential implications of these molecular mechanisms for therapeutic development. In summary, BMP signaling pathway plays different roles during pancreatitis disease development, and the antagonism between BMP and TGF-β signaling can be manipulated for therapeutic development against pancreatitis.