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Electric field-driven building blocks for introducing multiple gradients to hydrogels
Gradient biomaterials are considered as preferable matrices for tissue engineering due to better simulation of native tissues. The introduction of gradient cues usually needs special equipment and complex process but is only effective to limited biomaterials. Incorporation of multiple gradients in t...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Higher Education Press
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7093350/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32048173 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13238-020-00692-z |
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author | Xu, Gang Ding, Zhaozhao Lu, Qiang Zhang, Xiaoyi Zhou, Xiaozhong Xiao, Liying Lu, Guozhong Kaplan, David L |
author_facet | Xu, Gang Ding, Zhaozhao Lu, Qiang Zhang, Xiaoyi Zhou, Xiaozhong Xiao, Liying Lu, Guozhong Kaplan, David L |
author_sort | Xu, Gang |
collection | PubMed |
description | Gradient biomaterials are considered as preferable matrices for tissue engineering due to better simulation of native tissues. The introduction of gradient cues usually needs special equipment and complex process but is only effective to limited biomaterials. Incorporation of multiple gradients in the hydrogels remains challenges. Here, beta-sheet rich silk nanofibers (BSNF) were used as building blocks to introduce multiple gradients into different hydrogel systems through the joint action of crosslinking and electric field. The blocks migrated to the anode along the electric field and gradually stagnated due to the solution-hydrogel transition of the systems, finally achieving gradient distribution of the blocks in the formed hydrogels. The gradient distribution of the blocks could be tuned easily through changing different factors such as solution viscosity, which resulted in highly tunable gradient of mechanical cues. The blocks were also aligned under the electric field, endowing orientation gradient simultaneously. Different cargos could be loaded on the blocks and form gradient cues through the same crosslinking-electric field strategy. The building blocks could be introduced to various hydrogels such as Gelatin and NIPAM, indicating the universality. Complex niches with multiple gradient cues could be achieved through the strategy. Silk-based hydrogels with suitable mechanical gradients were fabricated to control the osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. Chondrogenic-osteogenic gradient transition was obtained, which stimulated the ectopic osteochondral tissue regeneration in vivo. The versatility and highly controllability of the strategy as well as multifunction of the building blocks reveal the applicability in complex tissue engineering and various interfacial tissues. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s13238-020-00692-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7093350 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Higher Education Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70933502020-03-26 Electric field-driven building blocks for introducing multiple gradients to hydrogels Xu, Gang Ding, Zhaozhao Lu, Qiang Zhang, Xiaoyi Zhou, Xiaozhong Xiao, Liying Lu, Guozhong Kaplan, David L Protein Cell Research Article Gradient biomaterials are considered as preferable matrices for tissue engineering due to better simulation of native tissues. The introduction of gradient cues usually needs special equipment and complex process but is only effective to limited biomaterials. Incorporation of multiple gradients in the hydrogels remains challenges. Here, beta-sheet rich silk nanofibers (BSNF) were used as building blocks to introduce multiple gradients into different hydrogel systems through the joint action of crosslinking and electric field. The blocks migrated to the anode along the electric field and gradually stagnated due to the solution-hydrogel transition of the systems, finally achieving gradient distribution of the blocks in the formed hydrogels. The gradient distribution of the blocks could be tuned easily through changing different factors such as solution viscosity, which resulted in highly tunable gradient of mechanical cues. The blocks were also aligned under the electric field, endowing orientation gradient simultaneously. Different cargos could be loaded on the blocks and form gradient cues through the same crosslinking-electric field strategy. The building blocks could be introduced to various hydrogels such as Gelatin and NIPAM, indicating the universality. Complex niches with multiple gradient cues could be achieved through the strategy. Silk-based hydrogels with suitable mechanical gradients were fabricated to control the osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. Chondrogenic-osteogenic gradient transition was obtained, which stimulated the ectopic osteochondral tissue regeneration in vivo. The versatility and highly controllability of the strategy as well as multifunction of the building blocks reveal the applicability in complex tissue engineering and various interfacial tissues. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s13238-020-00692-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Higher Education Press 2020-02-12 2020-04 /pmc/articles/PMC7093350/ /pubmed/32048173 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13238-020-00692-z Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Xu, Gang Ding, Zhaozhao Lu, Qiang Zhang, Xiaoyi Zhou, Xiaozhong Xiao, Liying Lu, Guozhong Kaplan, David L Electric field-driven building blocks for introducing multiple gradients to hydrogels |
title | Electric field-driven building blocks for introducing multiple gradients to hydrogels |
title_full | Electric field-driven building blocks for introducing multiple gradients to hydrogels |
title_fullStr | Electric field-driven building blocks for introducing multiple gradients to hydrogels |
title_full_unstemmed | Electric field-driven building blocks for introducing multiple gradients to hydrogels |
title_short | Electric field-driven building blocks for introducing multiple gradients to hydrogels |
title_sort | electric field-driven building blocks for introducing multiple gradients to hydrogels |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7093350/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32048173 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13238-020-00692-z |
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