Integrative Analysis for the Roles of lncRNAs in the Immune Responses of Mouse PBMC Exposed to Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation

It is well accepted that low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) modulates a variety of immune responses that have exhibited the properties of immune hormesis. Alterations in messenger RNA (mRNA) and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression were to crucially underlie these LDIR responses. However, lncRNAs in LDIR-induced immune responses have been rarely reported, and its functions and molecular mechanisms have not yet been characterized. Here, we used microarray profiling to determine lncRNA in BALB/c mice exposed to single (0.5 Gy×1) and chronic (0.05 Gy×10) low-dose γ-rays radiation (Co(60)). We observed that a total of 8274 lncRNAs and 7240 mRNAs were altered in single LDIR, while 2077 lncRNAs and 796 mRNAs in chronic LDIR. The biological functions of these upregulated mRNAs in both 2 groups using Gene Ontology functional and pathway enrichment analysis were significantly enriched in immune processes and immune signaling pathways. Subsequently, we screened out the lncRNAs involved in regulating these immune signaling pathways and examined their potential functions by lncRNAs-mRNAs coexpression networks. This is the first study to comprehensively identify lncRNAs in single and chronic LDIR responses and to demonstrate the involvement of different lncRNA expression patterns in LDIR-induced immune signaling pathways. Further systematic research on these lncRNAs will provide new insights into our understanding of LDIR-modulated immune hormesis responses.