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Heightened Levels of Antimicrobial Response Factors in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic progressive autoimmune disease leading to considerable disability over time. The disease can be characterized by the presence of multiple autoantibodies in the serum and synovial fluid. Microbial dysbiosis is proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of RA. I...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7100537/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32265916 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00427 |
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author | Ayyappan, Prathapan Harms, Robert Z. Seifert, Jennifer A. Bemis, Elizabeth A. Feser, Marie L. Deane, Kevin D. Demoruelle, M. Kristen Mikuls, Ted R. Holers, V. Michael Sarvetnick, Nora E. |
author_facet | Ayyappan, Prathapan Harms, Robert Z. Seifert, Jennifer A. Bemis, Elizabeth A. Feser, Marie L. Deane, Kevin D. Demoruelle, M. Kristen Mikuls, Ted R. Holers, V. Michael Sarvetnick, Nora E. |
author_sort | Ayyappan, Prathapan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic progressive autoimmune disease leading to considerable disability over time. The disease can be characterized by the presence of multiple autoantibodies in the serum and synovial fluid. Microbial dysbiosis is proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of RA. Increased systemic bacterial exposure leads to elevated levels of antimicrobial response factors (ARFs) in the circulation. In the present study, we tested whether RA patients have increased levels of ARFs by analyzing the levels of multiple ARFs in serum from RA patients and healthy age and sex-matched controls. The levels of soluble CD14 (sCD14), lysozyme, and CXCL16 were significantly elevated in RA patients compared to healthy controls. Lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) levels remained unchanged in RA patients compared to healthy controls. A positive correlation of LBP with rheumatoid factor (RF) was also found in RA subjects. Interestingly, the levels of anti-endotoxin core antibodies (EndoCAb) IgM, total IgM, EndoCAb IgA, and total IgA were significantly elevated in RA patients compared to healthy controls. No significant changes in the levels of EndoCAb IgG and total IgG were observed in RA patients compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, lysozyme and CXCL16 levels were positively correlated with disease severity among RA subjects. Increases in the levels of several ARFs and their correlations with clinical indices suggest systemic microbial exposure in the RA cohort. Modulation of microbial exposure may play an important role in disease pathogenesis in individuals with RA. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7100537 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-71005372020-04-07 Heightened Levels of Antimicrobial Response Factors in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Ayyappan, Prathapan Harms, Robert Z. Seifert, Jennifer A. Bemis, Elizabeth A. Feser, Marie L. Deane, Kevin D. Demoruelle, M. Kristen Mikuls, Ted R. Holers, V. Michael Sarvetnick, Nora E. Front Immunol Immunology Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic progressive autoimmune disease leading to considerable disability over time. The disease can be characterized by the presence of multiple autoantibodies in the serum and synovial fluid. Microbial dysbiosis is proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of RA. Increased systemic bacterial exposure leads to elevated levels of antimicrobial response factors (ARFs) in the circulation. In the present study, we tested whether RA patients have increased levels of ARFs by analyzing the levels of multiple ARFs in serum from RA patients and healthy age and sex-matched controls. The levels of soluble CD14 (sCD14), lysozyme, and CXCL16 were significantly elevated in RA patients compared to healthy controls. Lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) levels remained unchanged in RA patients compared to healthy controls. A positive correlation of LBP with rheumatoid factor (RF) was also found in RA subjects. Interestingly, the levels of anti-endotoxin core antibodies (EndoCAb) IgM, total IgM, EndoCAb IgA, and total IgA were significantly elevated in RA patients compared to healthy controls. No significant changes in the levels of EndoCAb IgG and total IgG were observed in RA patients compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, lysozyme and CXCL16 levels were positively correlated with disease severity among RA subjects. Increases in the levels of several ARFs and their correlations with clinical indices suggest systemic microbial exposure in the RA cohort. Modulation of microbial exposure may play an important role in disease pathogenesis in individuals with RA. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-03-20 /pmc/articles/PMC7100537/ /pubmed/32265916 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00427 Text en Copyright © 2020 Ayyappan, Harms, Seifert, Bemis, Feser, Deane, Demoruelle, Mikuls, Holers and Sarvetnick. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Ayyappan, Prathapan Harms, Robert Z. Seifert, Jennifer A. Bemis, Elizabeth A. Feser, Marie L. Deane, Kevin D. Demoruelle, M. Kristen Mikuls, Ted R. Holers, V. Michael Sarvetnick, Nora E. Heightened Levels of Antimicrobial Response Factors in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis |
title | Heightened Levels of Antimicrobial Response Factors in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis |
title_full | Heightened Levels of Antimicrobial Response Factors in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis |
title_fullStr | Heightened Levels of Antimicrobial Response Factors in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis |
title_full_unstemmed | Heightened Levels of Antimicrobial Response Factors in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis |
title_short | Heightened Levels of Antimicrobial Response Factors in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis |
title_sort | heightened levels of antimicrobial response factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7100537/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32265916 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00427 |
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