Identification of 9-O acetyl sialoglycoconjugates (9-OAcSGs) as biomarkers in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia using a lectin, Achatinin(H), as a probe

Neoplastic transformation causes changes in cell surface architecture, most notably, aberrant sialylation. Exploiting the restricted specificity of a 9-O acetyl sialic acid (9-OAcSA) binding lectin, Achatinin(H) (ATN(H)), we have identified two 9-O acetyl sialoglyconjugates (9-OAcSGs) on lymphoblasts of 87 children suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The preferential binding of ATN(H) to lymphoblasts induces their 11-fold increased agglutination (81 ± 7.8%) compared to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of normal donors (8 ± 4.3%) which corroborates with flow cytometry studies. Agglutination of MOLT-4 (87 ± 4.8%), a lymphoblastoid cell line and MDCK (91.25 ± 0.01%), a cell line expressing surface 9-OAcSA, confirms the preferential binding of ATN(H) to lymphoblasts through their surface 9-OAcSGs. Furthermore, fluorometric quantitation reveals a 4.6-fold increase in % of 9-OAcSA on lymphoblasts of ALL patients (42.1 ± 4.1%) compared to normal donors (9.2. ± 3.4%). Western blotting confirms that ATN(H) recognizes two membrane sialoglycoconjugates, of MW 120 kDa and 90 kDa, both having 9-OAcSA α2 → 6 GalNAc terminal sugar moiety as their lectinogenic epitope. We propose that these 9-OAcSGs may serve as biomarkers for detection and monitoring of lymphoblasts in ALL and accordingly merit therapeutic considerations.