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Guessability of U.S. pharmaceutical pictograms in Iranian prospective users
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the gueassability of US pharmaceutical pictograms as well as associated demographic factors and cognitive design features among Iranian adults. METHODS: A total of 400 participants requested to guess the meaning of 53 US pharmaceutical pictograms using the open-ended m...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Centro de Investigaciones y Publicaciones Farmaceuticas
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7104798/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32256894 http://dx.doi.org/10.18549/PharmPract.2020.1.1705 |
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author | Saremi, Mahnaz Shekaripour, Zeinab S. Khodakarim., Soheila |
author_facet | Saremi, Mahnaz Shekaripour, Zeinab S. Khodakarim., Soheila |
author_sort | Saremi, Mahnaz |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVE: This study examined the gueassability of US pharmaceutical pictograms as well as associated demographic factors and cognitive design features among Iranian adults. METHODS: A total of 400 participants requested to guess the meaning of 53 US pharmaceutical pictograms using the open-ended method. Moreover, the participants were asked to rate the cognitive design features of each pictorial in terms of familiarity, concreteness, simplicity, meaningfulness and semantic closeness on a scale of 0-100. RESULTS: The average guessability score (standard deviation) was 66.30 (SD=24.59). Fifty-five percent of pharmaceutical pictograms understudy met the correctness criteria of 67% specified by ISO3864, while only 30% reached the criterion level of 85% set by ANSIz535.3. Low literate participants with only primary school education had substantial difficulty in the interpretation of pharmaceutical pictograms compared to those completed higher education levels. Younger adults of <30 years significantly performed better in the interpretation of pharmaceutical pictograms as compared to >31 years old participants. ‘Home patient care’ and ‘daily medication use’ had no effect on guessability performance. Concerning cognitive design features, meaningfulness better predict geussability score compared to the others. CONCLUSIONS: Several USP pictograms fail to be correctly interpreted by Iranian users and need to be redesigned respecting cognitive design features. Interface designers are recommended to incorporate more familiar and concrete elements into their graphics in order to create more meaningful pictorial symbols and to avoid any misinterpretation by the user. Much effective medication use is expected to be achieved by means of this approach, through the improvement of the communication property of pharmaceutical pictograms. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7104798 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Centro de Investigaciones y Publicaciones Farmaceuticas |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-71047982020-04-06 Guessability of U.S. pharmaceutical pictograms in Iranian prospective users Saremi, Mahnaz Shekaripour, Zeinab S. Khodakarim., Soheila Pharm Pract (Granada) Original Research OBJECTIVE: This study examined the gueassability of US pharmaceutical pictograms as well as associated demographic factors and cognitive design features among Iranian adults. METHODS: A total of 400 participants requested to guess the meaning of 53 US pharmaceutical pictograms using the open-ended method. Moreover, the participants were asked to rate the cognitive design features of each pictorial in terms of familiarity, concreteness, simplicity, meaningfulness and semantic closeness on a scale of 0-100. RESULTS: The average guessability score (standard deviation) was 66.30 (SD=24.59). Fifty-five percent of pharmaceutical pictograms understudy met the correctness criteria of 67% specified by ISO3864, while only 30% reached the criterion level of 85% set by ANSIz535.3. Low literate participants with only primary school education had substantial difficulty in the interpretation of pharmaceutical pictograms compared to those completed higher education levels. Younger adults of <30 years significantly performed better in the interpretation of pharmaceutical pictograms as compared to >31 years old participants. ‘Home patient care’ and ‘daily medication use’ had no effect on guessability performance. Concerning cognitive design features, meaningfulness better predict geussability score compared to the others. CONCLUSIONS: Several USP pictograms fail to be correctly interpreted by Iranian users and need to be redesigned respecting cognitive design features. Interface designers are recommended to incorporate more familiar and concrete elements into their graphics in order to create more meaningful pictorial symbols and to avoid any misinterpretation by the user. Much effective medication use is expected to be achieved by means of this approach, through the improvement of the communication property of pharmaceutical pictograms. Centro de Investigaciones y Publicaciones Farmaceuticas 2020 2020-03-14 /pmc/articles/PMC7104798/ /pubmed/32256894 http://dx.doi.org/10.18549/PharmPract.2020.1.1705 Text en Copyright: © Pharmacy Practice http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Research Saremi, Mahnaz Shekaripour, Zeinab S. Khodakarim., Soheila Guessability of U.S. pharmaceutical pictograms in Iranian prospective users |
title | Guessability of U.S. pharmaceutical pictograms in Iranian prospective
users |
title_full | Guessability of U.S. pharmaceutical pictograms in Iranian prospective
users |
title_fullStr | Guessability of U.S. pharmaceutical pictograms in Iranian prospective
users |
title_full_unstemmed | Guessability of U.S. pharmaceutical pictograms in Iranian prospective
users |
title_short | Guessability of U.S. pharmaceutical pictograms in Iranian prospective
users |
title_sort | guessability of u.s. pharmaceutical pictograms in iranian prospective
users |
topic | Original Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7104798/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32256894 http://dx.doi.org/10.18549/PharmPract.2020.1.1705 |
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