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T Lymphocytes as Measurable Targets of Protection and Vaccination Against Viral Disorders
Continuous epidemiological surveillance of existing and emerging viruses and their associated disorders is gaining importance in light of their abilities to cause unpredictable outbreaks as a result of increased travel and vaccination choices by steadily growing and aging populations. Close surveill...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier Inc.
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7104940/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30635091 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.07.006 |
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author | Monette, Anne Mouland, Andrew J. |
author_facet | Monette, Anne Mouland, Andrew J. |
author_sort | Monette, Anne |
collection | PubMed |
description | Continuous epidemiological surveillance of existing and emerging viruses and their associated disorders is gaining importance in light of their abilities to cause unpredictable outbreaks as a result of increased travel and vaccination choices by steadily growing and aging populations. Close surveillance of outbreaks and herd immunity are also at the forefront, even in industrialized countries, where previously eradicated viruses are now at risk of re-emergence due to instances of strain recombination, contractions in viral vector geographies, and from their potential use as agents of bioterrorism. There is a great need for the rational design of current and future vaccines targeting viruses, with a strong focus on vaccine targeting of adaptive immune effector memory T cells as the gold standard of immunity conferring long-lived protection against a wide variety of pathogens and malignancies. Here, we review viruses that have historically caused large outbreaks and severe lethal disorders, including respiratory, gastric, skin, hepatic, neurologic, and hemorrhagic fevers. To observe trends in vaccinology against these viral disorders, we describe viral genetic, replication, transmission, and tropism, host-immune evasion strategies, and the epidemiology and health risks of their associated syndromes. We focus on immunity generated against both natural infection and vaccination, where a steady shift in conferred vaccination immunogenicity is observed from quantifying activated and proliferating, long-lived effector memory T cell subsets, as the prominent biomarkers of long-term immunity against viruses and their associated disorders causing high morbidity and mortality rates. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7104940 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Elsevier Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-71049402020-03-31 T Lymphocytes as Measurable Targets of Protection and Vaccination Against Viral Disorders Monette, Anne Mouland, Andrew J. Int Rev Cell Mol Biol Article Continuous epidemiological surveillance of existing and emerging viruses and their associated disorders is gaining importance in light of their abilities to cause unpredictable outbreaks as a result of increased travel and vaccination choices by steadily growing and aging populations. Close surveillance of outbreaks and herd immunity are also at the forefront, even in industrialized countries, where previously eradicated viruses are now at risk of re-emergence due to instances of strain recombination, contractions in viral vector geographies, and from their potential use as agents of bioterrorism. There is a great need for the rational design of current and future vaccines targeting viruses, with a strong focus on vaccine targeting of adaptive immune effector memory T cells as the gold standard of immunity conferring long-lived protection against a wide variety of pathogens and malignancies. Here, we review viruses that have historically caused large outbreaks and severe lethal disorders, including respiratory, gastric, skin, hepatic, neurologic, and hemorrhagic fevers. To observe trends in vaccinology against these viral disorders, we describe viral genetic, replication, transmission, and tropism, host-immune evasion strategies, and the epidemiology and health risks of their associated syndromes. We focus on immunity generated against both natural infection and vaccination, where a steady shift in conferred vaccination immunogenicity is observed from quantifying activated and proliferating, long-lived effector memory T cell subsets, as the prominent biomarkers of long-term immunity against viruses and their associated disorders causing high morbidity and mortality rates. Elsevier Inc. 2019 2018-10-24 /pmc/articles/PMC7104940/ /pubmed/30635091 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.07.006 Text en Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
spellingShingle | Article Monette, Anne Mouland, Andrew J. T Lymphocytes as Measurable Targets of Protection and Vaccination Against Viral Disorders |
title | T Lymphocytes as Measurable Targets of Protection and Vaccination Against Viral Disorders |
title_full | T Lymphocytes as Measurable Targets of Protection and Vaccination Against Viral Disorders |
title_fullStr | T Lymphocytes as Measurable Targets of Protection and Vaccination Against Viral Disorders |
title_full_unstemmed | T Lymphocytes as Measurable Targets of Protection and Vaccination Against Viral Disorders |
title_short | T Lymphocytes as Measurable Targets of Protection and Vaccination Against Viral Disorders |
title_sort | t lymphocytes as measurable targets of protection and vaccination against viral disorders |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7104940/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30635091 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.07.006 |
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