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Rectal Microbiome Alterations Associated With Oral Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis

BACKGROUND: Oral daily tenofovir (TFV) disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective for HIVprevention, yet long-term effects are not fully understood. We investigated the effects of PrEP on the rectal microbiom...

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Autores principales: Fulcher, Jennifer A, Li, Fan, Cook, Ryan R, Zabih, Sara, Louie, Alexander, Okochi, Hideaki, Tobin, Nicole H, Gandhi, Monica, Shoptaw, Steven, Gorbach, Pamina M, Aldrovandi, Grace M
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7105055/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32258202
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz463
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author Fulcher, Jennifer A
Li, Fan
Cook, Ryan R
Zabih, Sara
Louie, Alexander
Okochi, Hideaki
Tobin, Nicole H
Gandhi, Monica
Shoptaw, Steven
Gorbach, Pamina M
Aldrovandi, Grace M
author_facet Fulcher, Jennifer A
Li, Fan
Cook, Ryan R
Zabih, Sara
Louie, Alexander
Okochi, Hideaki
Tobin, Nicole H
Gandhi, Monica
Shoptaw, Steven
Gorbach, Pamina M
Aldrovandi, Grace M
author_sort Fulcher, Jennifer A
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Oral daily tenofovir (TFV) disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective for HIVprevention, yet long-term effects are not fully understood. We investigated the effects of PrEP on the rectal microbiome in a cohort of men who have sex with men (MSM). METHODS: This cross-sectional analysis included HIV-negative MSM either on PrEP (n = 37) or not (n = 37) selected from an ongoing cohort using propensity score matching. Rectal swabs were used to examine microbiome composition using 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequencing, and associations between PrEP use and microbiota abundance were examined. Hair specimens were used to quantify TFV and FTC exposure over the past 6 weeks on a subset of participants (n = 15). RESULTS: Pre-exposure prophylaxis use was associated with a significant increase in Streptococcus abundance (adjusted P = .015). Similar associations were identified using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, confirming the increase in Streptococcus and also showing increased Mitsuokella, Fusobacterium, and decreased Escherichia/Shigella. Increased Fusobacterium was significantly associated with increasing TFV exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Oral TDF/FTC for PrEP is associated with rectal microbiome changes compared to well matched controls, specifically increased Streptococcus and Fusobacterium abundance. This study highlights the need for future investigations of the role of microbiome changes on HIV susceptibility and effectiveness of PrEP.
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spelling pubmed-71050552020-04-06 Rectal Microbiome Alterations Associated With Oral Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Fulcher, Jennifer A Li, Fan Cook, Ryan R Zabih, Sara Louie, Alexander Okochi, Hideaki Tobin, Nicole H Gandhi, Monica Shoptaw, Steven Gorbach, Pamina M Aldrovandi, Grace M Open Forum Infect Dis Major Articles BACKGROUND: Oral daily tenofovir (TFV) disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective for HIVprevention, yet long-term effects are not fully understood. We investigated the effects of PrEP on the rectal microbiome in a cohort of men who have sex with men (MSM). METHODS: This cross-sectional analysis included HIV-negative MSM either on PrEP (n = 37) or not (n = 37) selected from an ongoing cohort using propensity score matching. Rectal swabs were used to examine microbiome composition using 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequencing, and associations between PrEP use and microbiota abundance were examined. Hair specimens were used to quantify TFV and FTC exposure over the past 6 weeks on a subset of participants (n = 15). RESULTS: Pre-exposure prophylaxis use was associated with a significant increase in Streptococcus abundance (adjusted P = .015). Similar associations were identified using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, confirming the increase in Streptococcus and also showing increased Mitsuokella, Fusobacterium, and decreased Escherichia/Shigella. Increased Fusobacterium was significantly associated with increasing TFV exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Oral TDF/FTC for PrEP is associated with rectal microbiome changes compared to well matched controls, specifically increased Streptococcus and Fusobacterium abundance. This study highlights the need for future investigations of the role of microbiome changes on HIV susceptibility and effectiveness of PrEP. Oxford University Press 2019-10-29 /pmc/articles/PMC7105055/ /pubmed/32258202 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz463 Text en © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
spellingShingle Major Articles
Fulcher, Jennifer A
Li, Fan
Cook, Ryan R
Zabih, Sara
Louie, Alexander
Okochi, Hideaki
Tobin, Nicole H
Gandhi, Monica
Shoptaw, Steven
Gorbach, Pamina M
Aldrovandi, Grace M
Rectal Microbiome Alterations Associated With Oral Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
title Rectal Microbiome Alterations Associated With Oral Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
title_full Rectal Microbiome Alterations Associated With Oral Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
title_fullStr Rectal Microbiome Alterations Associated With Oral Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
title_full_unstemmed Rectal Microbiome Alterations Associated With Oral Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
title_short Rectal Microbiome Alterations Associated With Oral Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
title_sort rectal microbiome alterations associated with oral human immunodeficiency virus pre-exposure prophylaxis
topic Major Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7105055/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32258202
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz463
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