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Current Diagnosis and Management of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HP) one of the most common interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) is characterized by exposure to an inhaled inciting antigen that leads to a host immunologic reaction determining interstitial inflammation and architectural distortion. The underlying pathogenetic mechanisms...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Leone, Paolo Maria, Richeldi, Luca
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7105432/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32185914
http://dx.doi.org/10.4046/trd.2020.0012
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author Leone, Paolo Maria
Richeldi, Luca
author_facet Leone, Paolo Maria
Richeldi, Luca
author_sort Leone, Paolo Maria
collection PubMed
description Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HP) one of the most common interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) is characterized by exposure to an inhaled inciting antigen that leads to a host immunologic reaction determining interstitial inflammation and architectural distortion. The underlying pathogenetic mechanisms are unclear. The absence of international shared diagnostic guidelines and the lack of a “gold-standard” test for HP combined with the presence of several clinical and radiologic overlapping features makes it particularly challenging to differentiate HP from other ILDs, also in expert contests. Radiology is playing a more crucial role in this process; recently the headcheese sign was recognized as a more specific for chronic-HP than the extensive mosaic attenuation. Several classification proposals and diagnostic models have been advanced by different groups, with no prospective validation. Therapeutic options for HP have been limited to antigen avoidance and immunosuppressant drugs over the last decades. Several questions about this condition remain unanswered and there is a need for more studies.
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spelling pubmed-71054322020-04-09 Current Diagnosis and Management of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Leone, Paolo Maria Richeldi, Luca Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) Review Article Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HP) one of the most common interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) is characterized by exposure to an inhaled inciting antigen that leads to a host immunologic reaction determining interstitial inflammation and architectural distortion. The underlying pathogenetic mechanisms are unclear. The absence of international shared diagnostic guidelines and the lack of a “gold-standard” test for HP combined with the presence of several clinical and radiologic overlapping features makes it particularly challenging to differentiate HP from other ILDs, also in expert contests. Radiology is playing a more crucial role in this process; recently the headcheese sign was recognized as a more specific for chronic-HP than the extensive mosaic attenuation. Several classification proposals and diagnostic models have been advanced by different groups, with no prospective validation. Therapeutic options for HP have been limited to antigen avoidance and immunosuppressant drugs over the last decades. Several questions about this condition remain unanswered and there is a need for more studies. The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 2020-04 2020-03-10 /pmc/articles/PMC7105432/ /pubmed/32185914 http://dx.doi.org/10.4046/trd.2020.0012 Text en Copyright©2020. The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ It is identical to the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)
spellingShingle Review Article
Leone, Paolo Maria
Richeldi, Luca
Current Diagnosis and Management of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
title Current Diagnosis and Management of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
title_full Current Diagnosis and Management of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
title_fullStr Current Diagnosis and Management of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
title_full_unstemmed Current Diagnosis and Management of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
title_short Current Diagnosis and Management of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
title_sort current diagnosis and management of hypersensitivity pneumonitis
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7105432/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32185914
http://dx.doi.org/10.4046/trd.2020.0012
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