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Molecular evolution and emergence of avian gammacoronaviruses
Coronaviruses, which are single stranded, positive sense RNA viruses, are responsible for a wide variety of existing and emerging diseases in humans and other animals. The gammacoronaviruses primarily infect avian hosts. Within this genus of coronaviruses, the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier B.V.
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7106068/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22609285 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2012.05.003 |
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author | Jackwood, Mark W. Hall, David Handel, Andreas |
author_facet | Jackwood, Mark W. Hall, David Handel, Andreas |
author_sort | Jackwood, Mark W. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Coronaviruses, which are single stranded, positive sense RNA viruses, are responsible for a wide variety of existing and emerging diseases in humans and other animals. The gammacoronaviruses primarily infect avian hosts. Within this genus of coronaviruses, the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes a highly infectious upper-respiratory tract disease in commercial poultry. IBV shows rapid evolution in chickens, frequently producing new antigenic types, which adds to the multiple serotypes of the virus that do not cross protect. Rapid evolution in IBV is facilitated by strong selection, large population sizes and high genetic diversity within hosts, and transmission bottlenecks between hosts. Genetic diversity within a host arises primarily by mutation, which includes substitutions, insertions and deletions. Mutations are caused both by the high error rate, and limited proof reading capability, of the viral RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase, and by recombination. Recombination also generates new haplotype diversity by recombining existing variants. Rapid evolution of avian coronavirus IBV makes this virus extremely difficult to diagnose and control, but also makes it an excellent model system to study viral genetic diversity and the mechanisms behind the emergence of coronaviruses in their natural host. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7106068 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Elsevier B.V. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-71060682020-03-31 Molecular evolution and emergence of avian gammacoronaviruses Jackwood, Mark W. Hall, David Handel, Andreas Infect Genet Evol Article Coronaviruses, which are single stranded, positive sense RNA viruses, are responsible for a wide variety of existing and emerging diseases in humans and other animals. The gammacoronaviruses primarily infect avian hosts. Within this genus of coronaviruses, the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes a highly infectious upper-respiratory tract disease in commercial poultry. IBV shows rapid evolution in chickens, frequently producing new antigenic types, which adds to the multiple serotypes of the virus that do not cross protect. Rapid evolution in IBV is facilitated by strong selection, large population sizes and high genetic diversity within hosts, and transmission bottlenecks between hosts. Genetic diversity within a host arises primarily by mutation, which includes substitutions, insertions and deletions. Mutations are caused both by the high error rate, and limited proof reading capability, of the viral RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase, and by recombination. Recombination also generates new haplotype diversity by recombining existing variants. Rapid evolution of avian coronavirus IBV makes this virus extremely difficult to diagnose and control, but also makes it an excellent model system to study viral genetic diversity and the mechanisms behind the emergence of coronaviruses in their natural host. Elsevier B.V. 2012-08 2012-05-16 /pmc/articles/PMC7106068/ /pubmed/22609285 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2012.05.003 Text en Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
spellingShingle | Article Jackwood, Mark W. Hall, David Handel, Andreas Molecular evolution and emergence of avian gammacoronaviruses |
title | Molecular evolution and emergence of avian gammacoronaviruses |
title_full | Molecular evolution and emergence of avian gammacoronaviruses |
title_fullStr | Molecular evolution and emergence of avian gammacoronaviruses |
title_full_unstemmed | Molecular evolution and emergence of avian gammacoronaviruses |
title_short | Molecular evolution and emergence of avian gammacoronaviruses |
title_sort | molecular evolution and emergence of avian gammacoronaviruses |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7106068/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22609285 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2012.05.003 |
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