Whole genome resequencing reveals an association of ABCC4 variants with preaxial polydactyly in pigs

BACKGROUND: Polydactyly is one of the most common congenital limb dysplasia in many animal species. Although preaxial polydactyly (PPD) has been comprehensively studied in humans as a common abnormality, the genetic variations in other animal species have not been fully understood. Herein, we focused on the pig, as an even-toed ungulate mammal model with its unique advantages in medical and genetic researches, two PPD families consisting of four affected and 20 normal individuals were sequenced. RESULTS: Our results showed that the PPD in the sampled pigs were not related to previously reported variants. A strong association was identified at ABCC4 and it encodes a transmembrane protein involved in ciliogenesis. We found that the affected and normal individuals were highly differentiated at ABCC4, and all the PPD individuals shared long haplotype stretches as compared with the unaffected individuals. A highly differentiated missense mutation (I85T) in ABCC4 was observed at a residue from a transmembrane domain highly conserved among a variety of organisms. CONCLUSIONS: This study reports ABCC4 as a new candidate gene and identifies a missense mutation for PPD in pigs. Our results illustrate a putative role of ciliogenesis process in PPD, coinciding with an earlier observation of ciliogenesis abnormality resulting in pseudo-thumb development in pandas. These results expand our knowledge on the genetic variations underlying PPD in animals.