Hepatocyte‐Specific Expression of Human Carboxylesterase 1 Attenuates Diet‐Induced Steatohepatitis and Hyperlipidemia in Mice

Rodents have at least five carboxylesterase 1 (Ces1) genes, whereas there is only one CES1 gene in humans, raising the question as to whether human CES1 and mouse Ces1 genes share the same functions. In this study, we investigate the role of human CES1 in the development of steatohepatitis or dyslipidemia in C57BL/6 mice. Hepatocyte‐specific expression of human CES1 prevented Western diet or alcohol‐induced steatohepatitis and hyperlipidemia. Mechanistically, human CES1 induced lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation, leading to a reduction in hepatic triglyceride and free fatty acid levels. Human CES1 also reduced hepatic‐free cholesterol levels and induced low‐density lipoprotein receptor. In addition, human CES1 induced hepatic lipoprotein lipase and apolipoprotein C‐II expression. Conclusion: Hepatocyte‐specific overexpression of human CES1 attenuates diet‐induced steatohepatitis and hyperlipidemia.