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Somite Division and New Boundary Formation by Mechanical Strain
Somitogenesis, the primary segmentation of the vertebrate embryo, is associated with oscillating genes that interact with a wave of cell differentiation. The necessity of cell-matrix adherence and embryonic tension, however, suggests that mechanical cues are also involved. To explicitly investigate...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7109633/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32222696 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.100976 |
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author | Nelemans, Ben K.A. Schmitz, Manuel Tahir, Hannan Merks, Roeland M.H. Smit, Theodoor H. |
author_facet | Nelemans, Ben K.A. Schmitz, Manuel Tahir, Hannan Merks, Roeland M.H. Smit, Theodoor H. |
author_sort | Nelemans, Ben K.A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Somitogenesis, the primary segmentation of the vertebrate embryo, is associated with oscillating genes that interact with a wave of cell differentiation. The necessity of cell-matrix adherence and embryonic tension, however, suggests that mechanical cues are also involved. To explicitly investigate this, we applied surplus axial strain to live chick embryos. Despite substantial deformations, the embryos developed normally and somite formation rate was unaffected. Surprisingly, however, we observed slow cellular reorganizations of the most elongated somites into two or more well-shaped daughter somites. In what appeared to be a regular process of boundary formation, somites divided and fibronectin was deposited in between. Cell counts and morphology indicated that cells from the somitocoel underwent mesenchymal-epithelial transition; this was supported by a Cellular Potts model of somite division. Thus, although somitogenesis appeared to be extremely robust, we observed new boundary formation in existing somites and conclude that mechanical strain can be morphologically instructive. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7109633 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Elsevier |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-71096332020-04-03 Somite Division and New Boundary Formation by Mechanical Strain Nelemans, Ben K.A. Schmitz, Manuel Tahir, Hannan Merks, Roeland M.H. Smit, Theodoor H. iScience Article Somitogenesis, the primary segmentation of the vertebrate embryo, is associated with oscillating genes that interact with a wave of cell differentiation. The necessity of cell-matrix adherence and embryonic tension, however, suggests that mechanical cues are also involved. To explicitly investigate this, we applied surplus axial strain to live chick embryos. Despite substantial deformations, the embryos developed normally and somite formation rate was unaffected. Surprisingly, however, we observed slow cellular reorganizations of the most elongated somites into two or more well-shaped daughter somites. In what appeared to be a regular process of boundary formation, somites divided and fibronectin was deposited in between. Cell counts and morphology indicated that cells from the somitocoel underwent mesenchymal-epithelial transition; this was supported by a Cellular Potts model of somite division. Thus, although somitogenesis appeared to be extremely robust, we observed new boundary formation in existing somites and conclude that mechanical strain can be morphologically instructive. Elsevier 2020-03-13 /pmc/articles/PMC7109633/ /pubmed/32222696 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.100976 Text en © 2020 The Author(s) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Nelemans, Ben K.A. Schmitz, Manuel Tahir, Hannan Merks, Roeland M.H. Smit, Theodoor H. Somite Division and New Boundary Formation by Mechanical Strain |
title | Somite Division and New Boundary Formation by Mechanical Strain |
title_full | Somite Division and New Boundary Formation by Mechanical Strain |
title_fullStr | Somite Division and New Boundary Formation by Mechanical Strain |
title_full_unstemmed | Somite Division and New Boundary Formation by Mechanical Strain |
title_short | Somite Division and New Boundary Formation by Mechanical Strain |
title_sort | somite division and new boundary formation by mechanical strain |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7109633/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32222696 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.100976 |
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