Lymphocyte Hydrogen Sulfide Production Predicts Coronary Artery Lesions in Children with Kawasaki Disease: A Preliminary, Single-Center Study

To identify whether lymphocyte hydrogen sulfide production is a potential biomarker for predicting coronary artery lesions (CAL) in children with Kawasaki disease (KD). Eighty-six children with KD, 33 normal children and 43 children with fever from June 2016 to January 2019 in Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital were enrolled. Of 86 KD patients, 16 patients exhibited CAL. Lymphocyte hydrogen sulfide production was significantly greater in KD patients (13.7 ± 2.7) nmol/min/10(8) lymphocytes than in the controls (9.26 ± 3.33) nmol/min/10(8) lymphocytes and the fever group (8.21 ± 2.77) nmol/min/10(8) lymphocytes. The lymphocyte hydrogen sulfide production was greater in CAL patients than the non-CAL patients [(16.24 ± 1.81) vs. (13.12 ± 2.58), p < 0.001]. Receiver operating characteristic curve indicated when the lymphocyte hydrogen sulfide production was >15.285 nmol/min/10(8) lymphocytes, the sensitivity and specificity for predicting CAL at convalescence were 87.5% and 82.9%, respectively. Lymphocyte hydrogen sulfide production in the acute period is a potentially useful biomarker for predicting CAL in KD children.