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Canfam_GSD: De novo chromosome-length genome assembly of the German Shepherd Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) using a combination of long reads, optical mapping, and Hi-C
BACKGROUND: The German Shepherd Dog (GSD) is one of the most common breeds on earth and has been bred for its utility and intelligence. It is often first choice for police and military work, as well as protection, disability assistance, and search-and-rescue. Yet, GSDs are well known to be susceptib...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7111595/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32236524 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giaa027 |
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author | Field, Matt A Rosen, Benjamin D Dudchenko, Olga Chan, Eva K F Minoche, Andre E Edwards, Richard J Barton, Kirston Lyons, Ruth J Tuipulotu, Daniel Enosi Hayes, Vanessa M D. Omer, Arina Colaric, Zane Keilwagen, Jens Skvortsova, Ksenia Bogdanovic, Ozren Smith, Martin A Aiden, Erez Lieberman Smith, Timothy P L Zammit, Robert A Ballard, J William O |
author_facet | Field, Matt A Rosen, Benjamin D Dudchenko, Olga Chan, Eva K F Minoche, Andre E Edwards, Richard J Barton, Kirston Lyons, Ruth J Tuipulotu, Daniel Enosi Hayes, Vanessa M D. Omer, Arina Colaric, Zane Keilwagen, Jens Skvortsova, Ksenia Bogdanovic, Ozren Smith, Martin A Aiden, Erez Lieberman Smith, Timothy P L Zammit, Robert A Ballard, J William O |
author_sort | Field, Matt A |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The German Shepherd Dog (GSD) is one of the most common breeds on earth and has been bred for its utility and intelligence. It is often first choice for police and military work, as well as protection, disability assistance, and search-and-rescue. Yet, GSDs are well known to be susceptible to a range of genetic diseases that can interfere with their training. Such diseases are of particular concern when they occur later in life, and fully trained animals are not able to continue their duties. FINDINGS: Here, we provide the draft genome sequence of a healthy German Shepherd female as a reference for future disease and evolutionary studies. We generated this improved canid reference genome (CanFam_GSD) utilizing a combination of Pacific Bioscience, Oxford Nanopore, 10X Genomics, Bionano, and Hi-C technologies. The GSD assembly is ∼80 times as contiguous as the current canid reference genome (20.9 vs 0.267 Mb contig N50), containing far fewer gaps (306 vs 23,876) and fewer scaffolds (429 vs 3,310) than the current canid reference genome CanFamv3.1. Two chromosomes (4 and 35) are assembled into single scaffolds with no gaps. BUSCO analyses of the genome assembly results show that 93.0% of the conserved single-copy genes are complete in the GSD assembly compared with 92.2% for CanFam v3.1. Homology-based gene annotation increases this value to ∼99%. Detailed examination of the evolutionarily important pancreatic amylase region reveals that there are most likely 7 copies of the gene, indicative of a duplication of 4 ancestral copies and the disruption of 1 copy. CONCLUSIONS: GSD genome assembly and annotation were produced with major improvement in completeness, continuity, and quality over the existing canid reference. This resource will enable further research related to canine diseases, the evolutionary relationships of canids, and other aspects of canid biology. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7111595 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-71115952020-04-06 Canfam_GSD: De novo chromosome-length genome assembly of the German Shepherd Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) using a combination of long reads, optical mapping, and Hi-C Field, Matt A Rosen, Benjamin D Dudchenko, Olga Chan, Eva K F Minoche, Andre E Edwards, Richard J Barton, Kirston Lyons, Ruth J Tuipulotu, Daniel Enosi Hayes, Vanessa M D. Omer, Arina Colaric, Zane Keilwagen, Jens Skvortsova, Ksenia Bogdanovic, Ozren Smith, Martin A Aiden, Erez Lieberman Smith, Timothy P L Zammit, Robert A Ballard, J William O Gigascience Research BACKGROUND: The German Shepherd Dog (GSD) is one of the most common breeds on earth and has been bred for its utility and intelligence. It is often first choice for police and military work, as well as protection, disability assistance, and search-and-rescue. Yet, GSDs are well known to be susceptible to a range of genetic diseases that can interfere with their training. Such diseases are of particular concern when they occur later in life, and fully trained animals are not able to continue their duties. FINDINGS: Here, we provide the draft genome sequence of a healthy German Shepherd female as a reference for future disease and evolutionary studies. We generated this improved canid reference genome (CanFam_GSD) utilizing a combination of Pacific Bioscience, Oxford Nanopore, 10X Genomics, Bionano, and Hi-C technologies. The GSD assembly is ∼80 times as contiguous as the current canid reference genome (20.9 vs 0.267 Mb contig N50), containing far fewer gaps (306 vs 23,876) and fewer scaffolds (429 vs 3,310) than the current canid reference genome CanFamv3.1. Two chromosomes (4 and 35) are assembled into single scaffolds with no gaps. BUSCO analyses of the genome assembly results show that 93.0% of the conserved single-copy genes are complete in the GSD assembly compared with 92.2% for CanFam v3.1. Homology-based gene annotation increases this value to ∼99%. Detailed examination of the evolutionarily important pancreatic amylase region reveals that there are most likely 7 copies of the gene, indicative of a duplication of 4 ancestral copies and the disruption of 1 copy. CONCLUSIONS: GSD genome assembly and annotation were produced with major improvement in completeness, continuity, and quality over the existing canid reference. This resource will enable further research related to canine diseases, the evolutionary relationships of canids, and other aspects of canid biology. Oxford University Press 2020-04-01 /pmc/articles/PMC7111595/ /pubmed/32236524 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giaa027 Text en © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Field, Matt A Rosen, Benjamin D Dudchenko, Olga Chan, Eva K F Minoche, Andre E Edwards, Richard J Barton, Kirston Lyons, Ruth J Tuipulotu, Daniel Enosi Hayes, Vanessa M D. Omer, Arina Colaric, Zane Keilwagen, Jens Skvortsova, Ksenia Bogdanovic, Ozren Smith, Martin A Aiden, Erez Lieberman Smith, Timothy P L Zammit, Robert A Ballard, J William O Canfam_GSD: De novo chromosome-length genome assembly of the German Shepherd Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) using a combination of long reads, optical mapping, and Hi-C |
title | Canfam_GSD: De novo chromosome-length genome assembly of the German Shepherd Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) using a combination of long reads, optical mapping, and Hi-C |
title_full | Canfam_GSD: De novo chromosome-length genome assembly of the German Shepherd Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) using a combination of long reads, optical mapping, and Hi-C |
title_fullStr | Canfam_GSD: De novo chromosome-length genome assembly of the German Shepherd Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) using a combination of long reads, optical mapping, and Hi-C |
title_full_unstemmed | Canfam_GSD: De novo chromosome-length genome assembly of the German Shepherd Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) using a combination of long reads, optical mapping, and Hi-C |
title_short | Canfam_GSD: De novo chromosome-length genome assembly of the German Shepherd Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) using a combination of long reads, optical mapping, and Hi-C |
title_sort | canfam_gsd: de novo chromosome-length genome assembly of the german shepherd dog (canis lupus familiaris) using a combination of long reads, optical mapping, and hi-c |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7111595/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32236524 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giaa027 |
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